VulnerabilityPublished 2 Dec 2025

CVE-2025-41744: Sprecher Automation SPRECON-E-C · Use of Default Cryptographic Key

Affects Sprecher Automation SPRECON-E-CSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 9.1 Critical.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 14:05 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

9.1Critical

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.4% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 34% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: High
Integrity: High
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: High: There is total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact.
Integrity: High: There is a total loss of integrity, or a complete loss of protection. For example, the attacker is able to modify any/all files protected by the impacted component. Alternatively, only some files can be modified, but malicious modification would present a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 2 Dec 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
Sprecher Automation SPRECON-E-C	Affected *	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

Immediately replace default cryptographic keys with unique, securely generated keys for each SPRECON-E-C device to eliminate the root cause of the vulnerability.
Implement strict network segmentation to isolate SPRECON-E-C devices from general IT networks and limit remote access only to trusted management systems.
Employ strong access controls and monitoring on networks hosting these devices to detect unauthorized access attempts or anomalous traffic patterns.
Conduct comprehensive audits of all Sprecher Automation devices to identify and remediate any instances still using default keys.
Engage with Sprecher Automation for any forthcoming patches or firmware updates addressing this vulnerability and apply them promptly upon release.
Utilize encrypted VPN tunnels or secure communication protocols as an additional layer to protect device communications.
Train operational technology (OT) and security teams on the risks associated with default keys and the importance of cryptographic hygiene.
Develop and test incident response plans specific to industrial control system compromises to minimize impact in case of exploitation.

Description

Sprecher Automations SPRECON-E series uses default cryptographic keys that allow an unprivileged remote attacker to access all encrypted communications, thereby compromising confidentiality and integrity.

Impact

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-41744 is significant due to the widespread use of Sprecher Automation SPRECON-E-C devices in industrial automation and critical infrastructure sectors. Confidentiality breaches could expose sensitive operational data, including process parameters and control commands, potentially enabling industrial espionage or sabotage. Integrity compromise could allow attackers to alter control commands or sensor data, leading to unsafe operating conditions, production downtime, or physical damage to equipment. The vulnerability's remote, unauthenticated exploitability increases the risk of widespread attacks, especially in network environments lacking robust segmentation or monitoring. Given Europe's strong industrial base and reliance on automated control systems, exploitation could disrupt manufacturing supply chains, energy distribution, and water treatment facilities. The absence of known exploits currently provides a window for remediation, but the critical severity demands urgent action to prevent potential attacks that could have cascading effects on safety, economic stability, and national security.

CWE-1394Use of Default Cryptographic Key (opens in a new tab)
Base weakness
The product uses a default cryptographic key for potentially critical functionality.
Requirements
Prohibit use of default, hard-coded, or other values that do not vary for each installation of the product - especially for separate organizations.
Architecture and Design
Force the administrator to change the credential upon installation.
Installation · Operation
The product administrator could change the defaults upon installation or during operation.
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V2.8.5 (opens in a new tab)
V2.8.4 (opens in a new tab)
V9.2.3 (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

sprecher-automation.com/fileadmin/itSecurity/PDF/SPR-2511043_de.pdf (opens in a new tab)

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 9 Dec 2025, 14:34 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-1394

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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