CVE-2025-4186 is a path traversal vulnerability identified in the Wangshen SecGate 3600 device, specifically affecting the 2024 version of the product. The vulnerability arises from improper validation or sanitization of the 'file_name' parameter within the endpoint '/?g=route_ispinfo_export_save'. An attacker can manipulate this parameter to traverse directories on the underlying file system, potentially accessing files outside the intended directory scope. This can lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive files or system information. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without requiring user interaction, but it does require low privileges (PR:L) on the device, indicating that some level of authentication or access to the device's interface is necessary. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3, categorized as medium severity, reflecting limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (each rated low impact). The attack vector is network-based (AV:N), with low attack complexity (AC:L) and no user interaction (UI:N). No known exploits are currently observed in the wild, but a public proof-of-concept or exploit disclosure exists, increasing the risk of exploitation. The vulnerability does not affect the scope beyond the vulnerable component, and no privilege escalation or system-wide compromise is indicated. The lack of patch links suggests that a vendor fix may not yet be available or publicly documented. Overall, this vulnerability allows an authenticated or low-privileged user to read arbitrary files on the device, which could expose configuration files, credentials, or other sensitive data, potentially aiding further attacks or reconnaissance.

For European organizations using Wangshen SecGate 3600 devices, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized information disclosure. Attackers with low-level access could exploit the path traversal to access sensitive configuration files, logs, or credentials stored on the device, undermining confidentiality. Although the vulnerability does not directly allow code execution or denial of service, the leaked information could facilitate lateral movement or privilege escalation in the network. Critical infrastructure operators, ISPs, or enterprises relying on SecGate 3600 for network security or routing functions may face increased risk of targeted attacks or espionage. The medium CVSS score reflects moderate risk, but the actual impact depends on the sensitivity of the exposed files and the device's role in the network. Since the exploit requires some level of authentication, the threat is higher in environments with weak access controls or exposed management interfaces. European organizations with strict data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR) must consider the potential compliance implications of unauthorized data exposure. Additionally, the public disclosure of the exploit increases the urgency for mitigation to prevent opportunistic attacks.

1. Restrict access to the management interface of Wangshen SecGate 3600 devices using network segmentation, VPNs, or IP whitelisting to limit exposure to trusted administrators only. 2. Enforce strong authentication mechanisms and regularly review user accounts and permissions to ensure that only authorized personnel have access, minimizing the risk of low-privileged attackers exploiting the vulnerability. 3. Monitor device logs and network traffic for unusual access patterns or attempts to manipulate the 'file_name' parameter or access the vulnerable endpoint. 4. If possible, implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules or Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) signatures to detect and block path traversal attempts targeting the '/?g=route_ispinfo_export_save' endpoint. 5. Engage with Wangshen support or vendor channels to obtain patches or firmware updates addressing CVE-2025-4186 as soon as they become available. 6. As an interim measure, consider disabling or restricting the vulnerable functionality if it is not critical to operations. 7. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration tests focusing on device management interfaces to identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities proactively.