CVE-2025-4242 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 2.0 of the PHPGurukul Online Birth Certificate System, specifically within the /admin/between-dates-report.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'fromdate' parameter, allowing an attacker to inject malicious SQL code remotely without requiring authentication or user interaction. This injection can manipulate backend database queries, potentially exposing sensitive data, altering records, or disrupting database integrity. The vulnerability is classified with a CVSS 4.0 base score of 6.9, indicating a medium severity level, with network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction required, and limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no known exploits are currently observed in the wild, the public disclosure of the vulnerability increases the risk of exploitation. The vulnerability may also affect other parameters beyond 'fromdate', suggesting a broader input validation issue within the affected functionality. Given the nature of the system—managing birth certificate data—successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to personally identifiable information (PII), data tampering, or denial of service affecting administrative reporting capabilities.

For European organizations, particularly governmental or municipal agencies managing civil registration and vital statistics, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive personal data such as birth records, which are protected under GDPR and other privacy regulations. Data integrity could be compromised, leading to fraudulent or inaccurate birth certificate information, undermining trust in public records. Availability impacts could disrupt administrative operations, delaying issuance of official documents. The exposure of PII could result in legal penalties, reputational damage, and loss of public confidence. Since the system is web-facing and the attack requires no authentication, the threat surface is broad. European entities using PHPGurukul or similar systems with analogous vulnerabilities should be vigilant, as attackers might leverage this flaw to target critical civil registry infrastructure.

Organizations should immediately audit their use of PHPGurukul Online Birth Certificate System version 2.0 and identify if the vulnerable component (/admin/between-dates-report.php) is in use. In absence of an official patch, implement strict input validation and sanitization on all parameters, especially 'fromdate' and other date-related inputs, using parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection. Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting this endpoint. Conduct thorough code reviews and penetration testing focusing on all input vectors in the reporting module. Restrict administrative interface access via network segmentation and IP whitelisting to reduce exposure. Monitor logs for unusual query patterns or repeated failed attempts indicative of exploitation attempts. Plan for an upgrade or patch deployment as soon as the vendor releases a fix. Additionally, ensure regular backups of the database to enable recovery in case of data tampering or loss.