CVE-2025-4283 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in the SourceCodester/oretnom23 Stock Management System version 1.0. The vulnerability resides in the login functionality, specifically in the /classes/Login.php file where the 'Username' parameter is improperly sanitized or validated. This flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to inject malicious SQL code through the Username argument, potentially manipulating backend database queries. The vulnerability is classified as critical in terms of its nature but has been assigned a medium severity rating with a CVSS 4.0 score of 6.9. The attack vector is network-based (AV:N), requires no privileges (PR:N), no user interaction (UI:N), and no authentication (AT:N), making it remotely exploitable by any attacker with network access to the affected system. The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is limited (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L), indicating that while exploitation can lead to unauthorized data access or modification, the scope and severity of damage are somewhat constrained. The vulnerability does not require user interaction or authentication, increasing its risk profile. No known public exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no official patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0 of the product, which is a stock management system typically used by small to medium enterprises to track inventory and sales. Given the nature of the vulnerability, attackers could potentially extract sensitive business data, manipulate stock records, or disrupt normal operations by executing arbitrary SQL commands on the backend database.

For European organizations using SourceCodester Stock Management System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the confidentiality and integrity of their inventory and sales data. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive business information, financial data, or customer details stored in the database. Additionally, attackers could alter stock levels or transaction records, causing operational disruptions and financial losses. Since the vulnerability allows remote exploitation without authentication, attackers can target exposed systems directly over the network, increasing the likelihood of compromise. This risk is particularly acute for SMEs that may lack robust cybersecurity defenses or timely patch management processes. Furthermore, compromised stock management systems could indirectly affect supply chain integrity and compliance with European data protection regulations such as GDPR if personal data is involved. The medium severity rating suggests that while the vulnerability is serious, it may not lead to full system takeover or widespread disruption without additional attack vectors or chaining with other vulnerabilities.

European organizations should immediately assess their deployment of SourceCodester Stock Management System version 1.0 and prioritize remediation. Specific mitigation steps include: 1) Implementing input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements in the login module to prevent SQL injection. 2) Applying any available patches or updates from the vendor as soon as they are released. 3) If patches are not yet available, consider temporary compensating controls such as restricting network access to the affected system via firewalls or VPNs to trusted users only. 4) Conducting thorough code reviews and penetration testing focused on SQL injection vectors in the application. 5) Monitoring logs for suspicious login attempts or anomalous database queries that could indicate exploitation attempts. 6) Educating IT staff and developers on secure coding practices and the risks of SQL injection. 7) Considering migration to alternative, actively maintained stock management solutions if the vendor does not provide timely fixes. These steps go beyond generic advice by emphasizing immediate network-level restrictions and code-level remediation specific to the vulnerable login functionality.