CVE-2025-42968 is a medium-severity vulnerability identified in SAP NetWeaver, specifically affecting multiple versions of SAP Business Warehouse (SAP_BW) ranging from version 700 up to 916. The vulnerability is categorized under CWE-862, which corresponds to Missing Authorization. The issue arises because an authenticated user with non-administrative privileges can invoke a remote-enabled function module (RFC) without proper authorization checks. This flaw allows such users to access certain non-sensitive information about the SAP system and the underlying operating system. Importantly, the vulnerability does not require any special knowledge or controlled conditions to exploit, and no user interaction beyond authentication is necessary. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 5.0, reflecting a medium impact primarily on confidentiality, with no impact on integrity or availability. The scope is changed (S:C), indicating that the vulnerability affects resources beyond the privileges of the attacker. Although the information disclosed is non-sensitive, unauthorized access to system and OS details can aid attackers in reconnaissance activities, potentially facilitating further targeted attacks. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability affects a broad range of SAP NetWeaver versions widely deployed in enterprise environments, making it relevant for organizations relying on SAP BW for business intelligence and data warehousing operations.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-42968 is primarily related to information disclosure. While the data accessed is non-sensitive, it can provide attackers with valuable insights into the SAP system configuration and operating system environment. This reconnaissance information can be leveraged to craft more effective attacks, such as privilege escalation or lateral movement within the network. Given the widespread use of SAP NetWeaver in European enterprises across sectors like manufacturing, finance, and public administration, the vulnerability could facilitate targeted attacks against critical business infrastructure. However, since the vulnerability does not affect integrity or availability, direct disruption or data manipulation risks are low. The requirement for authenticated access limits exposure to insiders or attackers who have already compromised user credentials, emphasizing the need for strong identity and access management. Overall, the vulnerability represents a moderate risk that could be a stepping stone in a multi-stage attack chain, particularly in environments where SAP systems are integrated with other critical business applications.

To mitigate CVE-2025-42968, European organizations should implement the following specific measures: 1) Enforce strict access controls and least privilege principles for SAP users, ensuring that only necessary users have access to SAP NetWeaver systems and that their permissions are tightly scoped. 2) Monitor and audit SAP user activities, especially calls to remote-enabled function modules, to detect anomalous or unauthorized access patterns. 3) Apply SAP security notes and patches promptly once available, as SAP typically releases fixes for such vulnerabilities. 4) Use SAP’s security configuration tools to review and harden RFC permissions and restrict access to sensitive function modules. 5) Implement network segmentation to isolate SAP systems from less trusted network zones, reducing the risk of credential compromise spreading. 6) Employ multi-factor authentication (MFA) for SAP user logins to reduce the risk of credential misuse. 7) Conduct regular security assessments and penetration tests focusing on SAP environments to identify and remediate authorization weaknesses. These steps go beyond generic advice by focusing on SAP-specific controls and operational monitoring tailored to the nature of this vulnerability.