VulnerabilityPublished 10 Jun 2025Updated 12 Nov 2025

CVE-2025-42994: SAP MDM Server · Free of Memory not on the Heap

Affects SAP MDM ServerSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 7.5 High.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 14:05 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

7.5High

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.4% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 37% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: None
Integrity: None
Availability: High

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the impacted component.
Integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component.
Availability: High: There is total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable).

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 10 Jun 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

AI-suggested

Given the absence of an official patch at the time of disclosure, European organizations should implement several specific mitigations: 1) Restrict network access to SAP MDM Server instances by implementing strict firewall rules and network segmentation to limit exposure to untrusted networks. 2) Deploy intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with signatures or heuristics to detect anomalous packets targeting the ReadString function or unusual traffic patterns. 3) Monitor SAP MDM Server logs and system behavior for signs of crashes or abnormal restarts indicative of exploitation attempts. 4) Coordinate with SAP support and subscribe to SAP security advisories to obtain patches or workarounds as soon as they become available. 5) Consider temporary disabling or isolating vulnerable SAP MDM Server instances if they are not critical to immediate operations. 6) Conduct internal vulnerability assessments and penetration tests focusing on SAP MDM Server to identify exposure and validate mitigation effectiveness. 7) Educate IT and security teams about this specific vulnerability to ensure rapid response to any suspicious activity. These targeted actions go beyond generic advice by focusing on network-level controls, monitoring, and proactive vendor engagement.

Description

SAP MDM Server ReadString function allows an attacker to send specially crafted packets which could trigger a memory read access violation in the server process that would then fail and exit unexpectedly causing high impact on availability with no impact on confidentiality and integrity of the application.

Impact

The primary impact of CVE-2025-42994 is on system availability, as successful exploitation causes the SAP MDM Server process to crash and exit unexpectedly. For European organizations, this can disrupt critical business operations that depend on master data management, potentially causing cascading failures in supply chain, finance, and customer data systems. Since confidentiality and integrity are not affected, there is no direct risk of data breach or manipulation; however, the denial of service can lead to operational downtime and loss of productivity. Organizations in sectors such as manufacturing, finance, telecommunications, and public services that rely on SAP MDM Server are particularly vulnerable. The ease of remote exploitation without authentication increases the threat level, especially if the server is exposed to untrusted networks. Prolonged outages could also impact compliance with regulatory requirements for data availability and service continuity in Europe. While no known exploits exist yet, the vulnerability's characteristics suggest it could be targeted in future attacks, emphasizing the need for proactive defense measures.

CWE-590Free of Memory not on the Heap (opens in a new tab)
Variant weakness
The product calls free() on a pointer to memory that was not allocated using associated heap allocation functions such as malloc(), calloc(), or realloc().
Implementation
Only free pointers that you have called malloc on previously. This is the recommended solution. Keep track of which pointers point at the beginning of valid chunks and free them only once.
Implementation
Before freeing a pointer, the programmer should make sure that the pointer was previously allocated on the heap and that the memory belongs to the programmer. Freeing an unallocated pointer will cause undefined behavior in the program.
Architecture and Design · Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 12 Nov 2025, 18:16 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-590

Technical details

References

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