CVE-2025-4306 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the PHPGurukul Nipah Virus Testing Management System, specifically within the /edit-phlebotomist.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'mobilenumber' parameter, which can be manipulated by an attacker to inject malicious SQL code. This injection flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary SQL queries against the backend database. The vulnerability does not require any user interaction or privileges, making it accessible over the network with low attack complexity. While the exact database and schema details are not disclosed, the injection could lead to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion, potentially compromising sensitive health-related data managed by the system. The vulnerability may also affect other parameters, increasing the attack surface. Although no known exploits are currently observed in the wild, the public disclosure of the vulnerability increases the risk of exploitation. The CVSS v4.0 score is 6.9, indicating a medium severity level due to the impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability being limited but still significant, and the ease of exploitation being high given no authentication is required.

For European organizations, especially healthcare providers and public health authorities using the PHPGurukul Nipah Virus Testing Management System, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive patient data, including personal identifiers and health status related to Nipah virus testing, violating GDPR and other data protection regulations. Data integrity could be compromised, leading to incorrect test results or patient records, which could affect clinical decisions and public health responses. Availability of the system could also be impacted if attackers execute destructive SQL commands or cause database corruption, disrupting critical testing workflows. Given the sensitive nature of health data and the importance of timely and accurate testing during infectious disease outbreaks, the vulnerability could undermine trust in healthcare systems and lead to regulatory penalties and reputational damage.

Organizations should immediately audit their deployments of the PHPGurukul Nipah Virus Testing Management System to identify affected versions. Since no official patches are currently available, mitigation should focus on implementing input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection. Web application firewalls (WAFs) can be configured to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the 'mobilenumber' parameter and other inputs. Network segmentation and strict access controls should be enforced to limit exposure of the vulnerable system. Regular monitoring of logs for suspicious database queries and unusual application behavior is critical. Organizations should also engage with the vendor or community to obtain patches or updates and plan for timely application once available. Additionally, conducting security assessments and penetration testing focused on injection flaws can help identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities.