CVE-2025-43268 is a privilege escalation vulnerability affecting Apple macOS, specifically addressed in macOS Sequoia 15.6. The vulnerability stems from a permissions issue that allows a malicious application to potentially gain root privileges on the affected system. Root privileges represent the highest level of access on Unix-based systems like macOS, enabling an attacker to execute arbitrary code with full control over the system, bypass security controls, install persistent malware, and access or modify all data. The vulnerability was resolved by Apple through the implementation of additional restrictions to the permissions model, indicating that the original flaw involved insufficient access control or improper validation of privilege boundaries. Although the exact affected versions are unspecified, the fix is included in macOS Sequoia 15.6, implying that earlier versions are vulnerable. There are currently no known exploits in the wild, and no CVSS score has been assigned yet. The lack of detailed technical information limits the ability to precisely characterize the exploitation method, but the core risk is that a malicious app—potentially delivered via social engineering, malicious downloads, or compromised software—could escalate its privileges from a standard user context to root, severely compromising system integrity and confidentiality.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk, especially those relying on macOS devices for critical operations, development, or sensitive data processing. An attacker exploiting this flaw could gain unrestricted access to affected systems, leading to data breaches, intellectual property theft, or disruption of services. The ability to gain root privileges could also facilitate lateral movement within networks, undermining endpoint security and potentially compromising connected infrastructure. Organizations in sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and technology, where macOS adoption is notable, could face regulatory and reputational consequences if exploited. Additionally, the absence of known exploits currently provides a window for proactive patching, but also means that threat actors may develop exploits as awareness of the vulnerability spreads. The impact extends beyond individual endpoints to the broader organizational security posture, increasing the risk of advanced persistent threats and insider-like attacks.

European organizations should prioritize updating all macOS devices to version Sequoia 15.6 or later, where the vulnerability is patched. Given the unspecified affected versions, organizations should audit their macOS inventory to identify devices running versions prior to 15.6. Implement strict application control policies to limit the installation and execution of untrusted or unsigned applications, reducing the risk of malicious apps gaining a foothold. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of monitoring for suspicious privilege escalation behaviors. Regularly review and enforce least privilege principles for user accounts to minimize the potential impact of compromised accounts. Additionally, educate users about the risks of installing unverified software and encourage the use of Apple’s notarization and Gatekeeper features. Network segmentation and monitoring can help contain potential breaches originating from compromised macOS systems. Finally, maintain robust backup and incident response plans to quickly recover from any exploitation attempts.