CVE-2025-43320 is a vulnerability identified in Apple macOS that allows an application to bypass launch constraint protections, which are security mechanisms designed to restrict how and when applications can be executed. By circumventing these protections, a malicious app can execute code with elevated privileges, potentially gaining unauthorized access to system resources and sensitive data. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-269, indicating improper privilege management. The issue was addressed by Apple through additional logic in the operating system's launch control mechanisms, with fixes implemented in macOS Tahoe 26 and macOS Sequoia 15.7.3. The CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.8 indicates a high severity, with the vector AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H meaning the attack requires local access, low complexity, some privileges, no user interaction, unchanged scope, and impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability at a high level. No public exploits have been reported yet, but the vulnerability's nature suggests it could be leveraged for privilege escalation attacks, enabling attackers to install persistent malware, steal sensitive information, or disrupt system operations. The lack of specified affected versions implies that all macOS versions prior to the patches are potentially vulnerable. This vulnerability is particularly concerning for environments where multiple users have local access or where endpoint security is critical.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk, especially in sectors such as finance, government, healthcare, and technology, where macOS devices are commonly used and sensitive data is processed. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized privilege escalation, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary code with elevated rights, potentially leading to data breaches, system manipulation, or denial of service. The impact on confidentiality is high as attackers could access sensitive information; integrity is compromised through unauthorized code execution; and availability could be affected if critical system components are disrupted. Given the local attack vector, organizations with shared or poorly controlled physical or remote access to macOS devices are at greater risk. The absence of required user interaction increases the threat as exploitation can occur stealthily. This vulnerability could also facilitate lateral movement within networks if attackers gain elevated privileges on a single device. The potential for widespread impact is amplified in organizations with large macOS deployments or those lacking timely patch management processes.

European organizations should immediately prioritize deploying the security updates macOS Tahoe 26 and macOS Sequoia 15.7.3 or later to all affected devices. Beyond patching, organizations should implement strict access controls to limit local user privileges and restrict the installation of unauthorized applications. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of monitoring process launches and privilege escalations to detect suspicious activities indicative of exploitation attempts. Regularly audit and enforce least privilege principles for user accounts on macOS systems. Network segmentation can help contain potential breaches originating from compromised macOS endpoints. Additionally, organizations should educate users about the risks of running untrusted applications and maintain robust backup and recovery procedures to mitigate potential damage from exploitation. For environments with high security requirements, consider application whitelisting and enhanced logging to facilitate incident response. Finally, maintain vigilance for any emerging exploit reports or indicators of compromise related to this vulnerability.