CVE-2025-43410 is a security vulnerability identified in Apple macOS operating systems, specifically affecting the handling of cached data related to the Notes application. The vulnerability arises from improper management of caches that store deleted notes, which may allow an attacker with physical access to a device to recover and view notes that the user has deleted. This issue compromises the confidentiality of user data by exposing information that should have been securely removed. The vulnerability affects macOS versions prior to Sequoia 15.7.2 and Sonoma 14.8.2, where Apple has implemented improved cache handling to mitigate the issue. Exploitation requires the attacker to have physical access to the target machine, as remote exploitation is not indicated. There is no indication that user interaction beyond physical access is necessary, nor are there known exploits currently in the wild. The vulnerability does not have an assigned CVSS score, but its impact is primarily on confidentiality, with no direct effect on system integrity or availability. The scope is limited to devices running vulnerable macOS versions with the Notes application in use. This vulnerability highlights the importance of secure data deletion and cache management in operating systems to prevent data leakage from residual cached data.

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-43410 is the potential exposure of sensitive or confidential information contained within deleted notes on macOS devices. This could lead to data breaches involving intellectual property, personal data, or business-sensitive information if devices are lost, stolen, or accessed by unauthorized personnel. The requirement for physical access limits the attack vector to insider threats, theft, or unauthorized physical access scenarios, such as in shared workspaces or during device servicing. Organizations with mobile or remote workforces using macOS devices are particularly at risk if physical security controls are insufficient. The confidentiality breach could result in regulatory non-compliance under GDPR if personal data is exposed. However, the vulnerability does not affect system availability or integrity, and there are no known automated exploits, reducing the likelihood of widespread attacks. Overall, the impact is moderate but significant in environments where physical device security is not strictly enforced.

To mitigate CVE-2025-43410, European organizations should prioritize updating all macOS devices to versions Sequoia 15.7.2, Sonoma 14.8.2, or later, where the vulnerability has been addressed through improved cache handling. Beyond patching, organizations should enforce strict physical security policies, including secure storage of devices, use of full disk encryption (FileVault), and controlled access to workstations to prevent unauthorized physical access. Implementing endpoint management solutions that can remotely wipe or lock devices in case of loss or theft will further reduce risk. Training employees on the importance of physical security and secure data deletion practices is also recommended. Additionally, organizations should audit and monitor access to sensitive devices and consider disabling or restricting the Notes application on devices used in high-risk environments. Regular security assessments and penetration tests focusing on physical security controls will help identify and remediate gaps that could be exploited.