VulnerabilityPublished 12 Dec 2025Updated 2 Apr 2026

CVE-2025-43410: Apple macOS · An attacker with physical access may be able to view deleted notes

Affects Apple macOSSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 2.4 Low · fixed in 15.7.2 : update Apple macOS when convenient.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 10:12 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

2.4Low

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 15% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.
Patch: Available – fixed in 15.7.2

CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

Attack Vector: Physical
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: Low
Integrity: None
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Physical: The attack requires the attacker to physically touch or manipulate the vulnerable component. Physical interaction may be brief or persistent.
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the impacted component.
Integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 12 Dec 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
Apple macOS	Affected =0	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

To mitigate CVE-2025-43410, organizations should prioritize updating affected macOS systems to versions Sequoia 15.7.2, Sonoma 14.8.2, or Tahoe 26.2 or later, where the vulnerability is patched. Beyond patching, enforcing strict physical security controls is critical, including device encryption (FileVault), strong authentication mechanisms, and policies restricting unauthorized physical access. Implementing endpoint management solutions that can remotely lock or wipe lost or stolen devices reduces risk. Additionally, users should be trained to securely delete sensitive notes and understand that deleted data may persist temporarily due to caching. Regular audits of device security and cache clearing procedures can further reduce exposure. For high-security environments, consider disabling or restricting the Notes application or using alternative secure note-taking solutions with stronger data sanitization guarantees. Monitoring for unusual access patterns on devices can help detect potential physical compromise attempts.

Description

The issue was addressed with improved handling of caches. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.2, macOS Sonoma 14.8.2, macOS Tahoe 26.2. An attacker with physical access may be able to view deleted notes.

Impact

The primary impact of CVE-2025-43410 is the potential exposure of deleted notes, which may contain sensitive or confidential information. This can lead to privacy violations, data leakage, and potential intellectual property exposure. Since the vulnerability requires physical access, it mainly threatens environments where devices are shared, lost, or stolen. Organizations with mobile workforces, public access terminals, or insufficient physical security controls are at higher risk. Although the impact on integrity and availability is negligible, the confidentiality breach could have reputational and compliance consequences, especially for sectors handling sensitive data such as finance, healthcare, and government. The lack of known exploits reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, as attackers with physical access could leverage this vulnerability to extract deleted note data. Overall, the impact is limited but meaningful in scenarios involving physical compromise of macOS devices.

CWE-524Use of Cache Containing Sensitive Information (opens in a new tab)
Base weakness
The code uses a cache that contains sensitive information, but the cache can be read by an actor outside of the intended control sphere.
Architecture and Design
Protect information stored in cache.
Architecture and Design
Do not store unnecessarily sensitive information in the cache.
Architecture and Design
Consider using encryption in the cache.
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V8.1.1 (opens in a new tab)
V8.1.2 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Lifting Sensitive Data Embedded in Cache (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 3 Apr 2026, 02:16 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-524

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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