CVE-2025-43527 is a vulnerability identified in Apple macOS operating systems, specifically addressed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.3 and macOS Tahoe 26.2. The root cause is a permissions issue classified under CWE-280 (Improper Access Control), where an application running with limited privileges can exploit insufficient restrictions to gain root-level access. This privilege escalation vulnerability does not require user interaction but does require local access and low attack complexity, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). The vulnerability allows an attacker to fully compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected system by executing arbitrary code with root privileges. The flaw was addressed by Apple through additional restrictions on permissions, preventing unauthorized privilege escalation. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the high severity score of 7.8 reflects the significant risk posed by this vulnerability if exploited. The vulnerability impacts all macOS installations prior to the patched versions, potentially affecting a broad range of users and organizations relying on Apple desktop and laptop systems.

If exploited, this vulnerability allows an attacker with local access to escalate privileges to root, effectively gaining full control over the affected macOS system. This can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, installation of persistent malware, disabling of security controls, and disruption of system availability. Organizations relying on macOS for critical operations risk data breaches, operational downtime, and potential lateral movement within their networks. The lack of required user interaction simplifies exploitation for insiders or attackers who have already gained limited access. Given the widespread use of macOS in enterprise, creative industries, and government sectors, the impact can be significant, especially in environments where endpoint security is critical. The absence of known exploits in the wild reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, as proof-of-concept exploits could emerge rapidly.

1. Immediately update all macOS systems to Sequoia 15.7.3, Tahoe 26.2, or later versions where the vulnerability is patched. 2. Restrict local access to macOS systems by enforcing strict physical and network access controls, limiting the number of users with local login capabilities. 3. Employ application whitelisting and endpoint protection solutions that monitor and restrict privilege escalation attempts. 4. Regularly audit installed applications and their permissions to detect unauthorized or suspicious software that could exploit this vulnerability. 5. Implement least privilege principles for all user accounts and services to minimize the impact of potential exploitation. 6. Monitor system logs and security alerts for unusual privilege escalation activities. 7. Educate users about the risks of running untrusted applications locally. 8. Consider deploying macOS security features such as System Integrity Protection (SIP) and Endpoint Security Framework to enhance protection against privilege escalation.