CVE-2025-43591 is a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in Adobe InDesign Desktop versions 19.5.3 and earlier. The vulnerability arises from improper handling of memory buffers when processing certain file inputs, leading to the possibility of overwriting heap memory. An attacker can exploit this flaw by crafting a malicious InDesign file that, when opened by a user, triggers the overflow and enables arbitrary code execution within the context of the current user. This means the attacker can potentially execute any code, including installing malware, stealing data, or disrupting system operations. The vulnerability requires user interaction, as the victim must open the malicious file, and no elevated privileges or authentication are necessary to trigger the exploit. The CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.8 reflects high severity, with attack vector local (AV:L), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), user interaction required (UI:R), unchanged scope (S:U), and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H). Although no known exploits have been reported in the wild, the potential impact is significant given Adobe InDesign's widespread use in creative and publishing industries. The lack of an available patch at the time of disclosure necessitates immediate mitigation efforts to reduce exposure.

The vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary code with the same privileges as the current user, potentially leading to full compromise of the affected system. This can result in unauthorized access to sensitive design files, intellectual property theft, installation of persistent malware, or disruption of business operations. Since Adobe InDesign is widely used in creative, publishing, and marketing sectors, exploitation could lead to significant operational and reputational damage. The requirement for user interaction limits mass exploitation but targeted attacks against high-value individuals or organizations remain a serious concern. The high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability means that successful exploitation could compromise critical business data and workflows.

1. Immediately restrict the opening of InDesign files from untrusted or unknown sources through user education and organizational policies. 2. Employ application whitelisting and sandboxing techniques to limit the impact of potential exploitation. 3. Monitor and analyze file handling behavior for anomalies indicative of exploitation attempts. 4. Use endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools to detect suspicious activities related to Adobe InDesign processes. 5. Once Adobe releases an official patch, prioritize its deployment across all affected systems. 6. Implement network segmentation to isolate systems running InDesign from critical infrastructure. 7. Regularly back up important design files and verify backup integrity to enable recovery in case of compromise. 8. Encourage users to maintain updated antivirus and antimalware solutions that may detect exploit attempts.