CVE-2025-4361 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 2.0 of the PHPGurukul Company Visitor Management System, specifically within the /department.php file. The vulnerability arises due to improper sanitization or validation of the 'departmentname' parameter, which allows an attacker to inject malicious SQL code. This injection can be performed remotely without any authentication or user interaction, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N). Exploiting this flaw could enable an attacker to manipulate backend database queries, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, data modification, or even deletion. Although the CVSS score is 6.9 (medium severity), the vulnerability's characteristics—remote exploitability without authentication—make it a significant risk. The vulnerability does not require privileges or user interaction, increasing its exploitation likelihood. The lack of a patch or mitigation guidance in the provided data suggests that organizations using this software version remain exposed. While no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, public disclosure of the exploit code increases the risk of exploitation by threat actors. The vulnerability impacts the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected system's data, as SQL Injection can lead to data leakage, unauthorized changes, or denial of service conditions depending on the injected payload.

For European organizations using PHPGurukul Company Visitor Management System 2.0, this vulnerability poses a tangible risk to sensitive visitor management data, which may include personal identification information, visit logs, and departmental access records. Compromise of this data could violate GDPR and other data protection regulations, leading to legal penalties and reputational damage. Additionally, attackers exploiting this vulnerability could gain unauthorized access to internal databases, potentially pivoting to other internal systems or exfiltrating sensitive corporate information. The visitor management system often integrates with physical security controls; thus, exploitation could indirectly impact physical security by manipulating visitor records or access permissions. The medium CVSS score may underestimate the real-world impact, given the ease of exploitation and lack of authentication requirements. Organizations in sectors with high regulatory scrutiny or critical infrastructure may face amplified consequences if this vulnerability is exploited.

Immediate mitigation steps include implementing input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements in the /department.php script to prevent SQL Injection. Since no official patch is currently referenced, organizations should conduct a thorough code review of the affected parameter 'departmentname' and apply custom fixes to sanitize inputs properly. Deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with rules designed to detect and block SQL Injection attempts targeting this parameter can provide interim protection. Monitoring web server logs for suspicious query patterns related to 'departmentname' can help detect exploitation attempts early. Organizations should also isolate the visitor management system from critical internal networks to limit lateral movement in case of compromise. Regular backups of the database and system should be maintained to enable recovery from potential data corruption or deletion. Finally, organizations should engage with the vendor for official patches or updates and plan for prompt deployment once available.