CVE-2025-44135 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in the Online Class and Exam Scheduling System version 1.0, specifically in the /Scheduling/pages/profile_update.php script. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization and validation of the 'username' parameter, which allows an attacker to inject malicious SQL code. This injection can manipulate backend database queries, potentially leading to unauthorized data access or modification. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network without requiring authentication or user interaction, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N). The CVSS score of 6.5 classifies this as a medium severity issue, reflecting limited confidentiality and integrity impact but no direct availability impact. The vulnerability falls under CWE-89, which is the category for SQL Injection flaws. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the ease of exploitation and the nature of the vulnerability make it a significant risk, especially for organizations relying on this scheduling system for managing sensitive academic or examination data. The lack of vendor or product-specific information limits the ability to identify exact affected deployments, but the vulnerability's presence in a web-based scheduling system suggests that any institution using this software could be at risk of data leakage or unauthorized data manipulation if unpatched.

For European organizations, especially educational institutions and examination boards using the affected Online Class and Exam Scheduling System, this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized disclosure of personal data, including student profiles and exam schedules. The integrity of scheduling data could be compromised, allowing attackers to alter exam times or user information, potentially disrupting academic operations. While availability is not directly impacted, the reputational damage and compliance risks under GDPR due to potential data breaches are significant. Attackers exploiting this vulnerability could gain footholds for further network intrusion or data exfiltration. Given the medium severity, the threat is moderate but should not be underestimated, particularly in countries with strict data protection regulations and high reliance on digital academic management systems.

1. Immediate code review and sanitization: Implement prepared statements (parameterized queries) or stored procedures to handle the 'username' parameter safely, eliminating direct concatenation of user input into SQL queries. 2. Input validation: Enforce strict server-side validation of all input parameters, especially those affecting database queries, to ensure only expected formats and characters are accepted. 3. Web application firewall (WAF): Deploy or update WAF rules to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the profile_update.php endpoint. 4. Monitoring and logging: Enhance logging of database query errors and unusual input patterns to detect potential exploitation attempts early. 5. Patch management: Although no official patch link is provided, organizations should contact the software provider or consider migrating to alternative solutions if no fix is available. 6. Network segmentation: Restrict access to the scheduling system to trusted networks or VPN users to reduce exposure. 7. Conduct security assessments: Regularly perform penetration testing focused on injection flaws to identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities proactively.