CVE-2025-44180 is a Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in the Phpgurukul Vehicle Record Management System version 1.0, specifically in the /edit-brand.php endpoint where the parameter 'bid' (brandId) is improperly sanitized. This vulnerability allows an attacker to inject malicious scripts into the web application, which are then executed in the context of a victim's browser when they access the affected page. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-79, indicating improper neutralization of input during web page generation. According to the CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N), the attack can be launched remotely over the network without any privileges, but requires user interaction (the victim must visit the crafted URL). The scope is changed (S:C), meaning the vulnerability affects components beyond the initially vulnerable component, potentially impacting the entire application or user session. The impact on confidentiality and integrity is low, as the attacker can steal or manipulate data accessible to the user session but cannot affect availability. No known exploits are currently in the wild, and no patches have been published yet. The vulnerability's medium severity score (6.1) reflects the moderate risk posed by this XSS flaw, which could be leveraged for session hijacking, phishing, or delivering further client-side attacks within the Vehicle Record Management System environment.

For European organizations using the Phpgurukul Vehicle Record Management System v1.0, this vulnerability could lead to targeted attacks against employees or users who access the system via web browsers. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to steal session cookies, impersonate users, or manipulate displayed data, potentially leading to unauthorized access to vehicle records or sensitive operational information. While the vulnerability does not directly compromise system availability or allow privilege escalation, the confidentiality and integrity of user sessions and data could be compromised. This is particularly concerning for organizations handling sensitive vehicle registration or fleet management data subject to GDPR regulations, where data leakage or unauthorized access could result in regulatory penalties and reputational damage. The requirement for user interaction limits the attack vector to social engineering or phishing campaigns, which remain common threat vectors in Europe. The lack of patches means organizations must rely on mitigation until an official fix is available.

European organizations should implement immediate compensating controls to reduce risk. These include: 1) Employing Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block malicious payloads targeting the 'bid' parameter in /edit-brand.php requests. 2) Conducting user awareness training focused on phishing and social engineering to reduce the likelihood of users clicking malicious links. 3) Applying strict Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict the execution of unauthorized scripts within the application context. 4) Reviewing and sanitizing all user inputs on the server side, especially the 'bid' parameter, to ensure proper encoding and validation before rendering. 5) Monitoring web server logs for suspicious requests containing script tags or unusual payloads targeting the vulnerable endpoint. 6) Segregating the Vehicle Record Management System network segment and limiting access to trusted users only. Organizations should also engage with the vendor or developer to obtain patches or updates and plan for timely application once available.