CVE-2025-44183 is a Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in the Phpgurukul Vehicle Record Management System version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in the /admin/profile.php endpoint, specifically through the 'name', 'email', and 'mobile' parameters. XSS vulnerabilities occur when an application does not properly sanitize user-supplied input, allowing attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users. In this case, the vulnerability allows an attacker to inject JavaScript or other executable code that can be executed in the context of an administrator's browser session. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 6.1, indicating a medium severity level. The vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N) shows that the attack can be performed remotely over the network without privileges, requires user interaction (the admin must visit a crafted page or input), and impacts confidentiality and integrity with a scope change, but does not affect availability. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-79, which is the standard identifier for XSS issues. No known exploits are currently in the wild, and no patches or vendor advisories have been linked yet. The vulnerability was reserved in April 2025 and published in May 2025, indicating it is a recent discovery. The affected product is a vehicle record management system, likely used by organizations managing vehicle data, possibly including government agencies, transportation companies, or vehicle service providers. The vulnerability's exploitation could allow attackers to steal session cookies, perform actions on behalf of administrators, or inject malicious content, potentially leading to unauthorized access or data leakage within the system.

For European organizations using the Phpgurukul Vehicle Record Management System, this XSS vulnerability poses a risk primarily to the confidentiality and integrity of administrative accounts and data. If exploited, attackers could hijack admin sessions, manipulate vehicle records, or gain unauthorized access to sensitive information. This could lead to data breaches involving personal or vehicle-related data, undermining trust and potentially violating GDPR regulations. The scope change in the CVSS vector indicates that the vulnerability could affect resources beyond the initially vulnerable component, increasing the risk of broader system compromise. While availability is not directly impacted, the indirect consequences of data manipulation or unauthorized access could disrupt operations. Organizations in sectors such as transportation, vehicle registration authorities, or fleet management in Europe could face reputational damage, regulatory penalties, and operational challenges if this vulnerability is exploited. The requirement for user interaction (admin clicking a malicious link or visiting a crafted page) means that social engineering or phishing could be used as an attack vector, emphasizing the need for user awareness and secure coding practices.

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations should implement the following specific measures: 1) Immediate input validation and output encoding: Ensure that all user-supplied inputs in the 'name', 'email', and 'mobile' parameters are properly sanitized and encoded before rendering in the admin profile page to prevent script injection. 2) Implement Content Security Policy (CSP): Deploy a strict CSP header to restrict the execution of unauthorized scripts in the browser context, limiting the impact of any injected scripts. 3) User training and awareness: Educate administrators about the risks of clicking on untrusted links or opening suspicious emails that could trigger the XSS attack. 4) Monitor and log admin activities: Set up monitoring to detect unusual admin behavior or access patterns that could indicate exploitation attempts. 5) Segmentation and least privilege: Limit admin access rights and segment the network to reduce the potential impact of a compromised admin session. 6) Patch management: Although no patch is currently available, organizations should closely monitor vendor communications for updates or patches and apply them promptly once released. 7) Web Application Firewall (WAF): Deploy or update WAF rules to detect and block malicious payloads targeting the vulnerable parameters. 8) Regular security testing: Conduct periodic penetration testing and code reviews focusing on input validation and XSS vulnerabilities to identify and remediate similar issues proactively.