CVE-2025-44864 is a command injection vulnerability identified in the Tenda W20E router firmware version V15.11.0.6. The flaw exists within the formSetDebugCfg function, specifically through the 'module' parameter. This vulnerability allows an attacker to inject and execute arbitrary system commands by sending a specially crafted request to the affected device. Command injection vulnerabilities fall under CWE-77, indicating improper neutralization of special elements used in OS commands. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network (AV:N), requires low attack complexity (AC:L), and requires privileges (PR:L), but does not require user interaction (UI:N). The scope is unchanged (S:U), meaning the impact is limited to the vulnerable component. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 6.3, categorized as medium severity, reflecting limited confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts (C:L/I:L/A:L). No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been published yet. The vulnerability could allow an attacker with some level of access (likely authenticated or with some privilege) to execute arbitrary commands on the router, potentially leading to device compromise, network disruption, or pivoting to internal networks. The Tenda W20E is a consumer-grade Wi-Fi 6 router, commonly used in home and small office environments. The lack of vendor and product details beyond the model and firmware version limits the scope of direct attribution, but the vulnerability is significant for users of this specific device and firmware version.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability depends largely on the deployment of Tenda W20E routers within their networks. While primarily a consumer and small office device, these routers may be present in remote offices, home offices, or less-secured network segments. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized command execution, enabling attackers to disrupt network connectivity, intercept or manipulate traffic, or use the compromised device as a foothold for further attacks within the internal network. This could impact confidentiality by exposing sensitive data traversing the network, integrity by altering network configurations or data, and availability by causing denial of service or network outages. Given the medium severity and requirement for some privilege level, the risk is moderate but non-negligible, especially in environments where these devices are not regularly monitored or updated. The absence of known exploits reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, especially as attackers may develop exploits following public disclosure. The vulnerability could also be leveraged in targeted attacks against organizations with remote or distributed workforces using these routers.

1. Immediate mitigation should include identifying and inventorying all Tenda W20E routers within the organization’s network, including remote and home office deployments. 2. Restrict administrative access to the router’s management interface by limiting it to trusted IP addresses and using strong authentication mechanisms. 3. Monitor network traffic for unusual or unauthorized requests targeting the formSetDebugCfg function or suspicious command injection patterns. 4. Implement network segmentation to isolate vulnerable devices from critical infrastructure and sensitive data. 5. Until an official patch is released, consider replacing or upgrading affected devices to models or firmware versions not impacted by this vulnerability. 6. Educate users and administrators about the risks of using default or weak credentials and the importance of firmware updates. 7. Employ intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with signatures or heuristics capable of detecting command injection attempts targeting this vulnerability. 8. Regularly review vendor communications for patch releases or additional guidance and apply updates promptly once available.