CVE-2025-45240 is a SQL injection vulnerability identified in foxcms version 1.2.5, specifically within the executeCommand method of the DataBackup.php component. SQL injection (CWE-89) vulnerabilities occur when untrusted input is improperly sanitized and directly incorporated into SQL queries, allowing attackers to manipulate the database queries executed by the application. In this case, the vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to send crafted requests that can alter the SQL commands executed by the DataBackup.php script, potentially leading to unauthorized data access or modification. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 6.5 (medium severity), with the vector indicating network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), no user interaction (UI:N), unchanged scope (S:U), and limited confidentiality and integrity impact (C:L/I:L) but no availability impact (A:N). This means the vulnerability can be exploited remotely without authentication or user interaction, but the impact is limited to partial disclosure or modification of data rather than full system compromise or denial of service. No patches or known exploits in the wild have been reported yet, but the presence of this vulnerability in a CMS backup module is concerning as it may expose sensitive backup data or allow attackers to manipulate backup operations, potentially undermining data integrity and recovery processes.

For European organizations using foxcms 1.2.5, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized access to or modification of backup data stored or managed by the CMS. Backup data often contains sensitive information or critical configuration details, so exploitation could lead to data leakage or tampering that compromises data integrity. Although the vulnerability does not directly affect availability, the integrity impact could disrupt recovery efforts or lead to persistent unauthorized changes. Organizations in sectors with strict data protection regulations such as GDPR (e.g., finance, healthcare, government) could face compliance risks if backup data confidentiality or integrity is compromised. The ease of exploitation (no authentication or user interaction required) increases the threat level, especially for publicly accessible CMS instances. However, the medium severity and lack of known exploits suggest that immediate widespread impact is limited but should not be underestimated.

1. Immediate mitigation should include restricting public access to the DataBackup.php endpoint, ideally limiting it to trusted internal networks or authenticated users only. 2. Implement input validation and parameterized queries in the executeCommand method to prevent SQL injection attacks. 3. Monitor web server logs for suspicious requests targeting the backup functionality, especially those containing unusual SQL syntax or commands. 4. If foxcms 1.2.5 is in use, upgrade to a patched version as soon as it becomes available; in the meantime, consider disabling or restricting backup features exposed via the web interface. 5. Conduct a thorough audit of backup data integrity and access logs to detect any signs of compromise. 6. Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) with SQL injection detection rules to provide an additional layer of defense. 7. Educate development and operations teams about secure coding practices and the risks of SQL injection in CMS components.