CVE-2025-4556 is a critical security vulnerability identified in the Okcat Parking Management Platform developed by ZONG YU. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-434, which pertains to the unrestricted upload of files with dangerous types. Specifically, the web management interface of the Okcat platform allows unauthenticated remote attackers to upload arbitrary files without proper validation or restrictions. This flaw enables attackers to upload and execute malicious web shell backdoors on the server hosting the platform. Once a web shell is deployed, attackers gain the ability to execute arbitrary code remotely, potentially taking full control over the affected system. The vulnerability has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8, indicating a critical severity level. The attack vector is network-based (AV:N), requires no privileges (PR:N), and no user interaction (UI:N), making exploitation straightforward and highly feasible. The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is high, as attackers can access sensitive data, modify or delete files, and disrupt services. No patches or fixes have been published at the time of disclosure, and no known exploits have been reported in the wild yet. However, the presence of such a critical vulnerability in a parking management platform, which likely interfaces with physical infrastructure and payment systems, elevates the risk of significant operational and financial damage if exploited.

For European organizations using the Okcat Parking Management Platform, this vulnerability poses a severe risk. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to parking management systems, potentially allowing attackers to manipulate parking operations, disrupt service availability, and access sensitive customer data including payment information. This could result in financial losses, reputational damage, and regulatory penalties under GDPR due to data breaches. Additionally, compromised parking infrastructure could be leveraged as a foothold for lateral movement within corporate networks, increasing the risk of broader enterprise compromise. Given the critical nature of the vulnerability and the lack of authentication required for exploitation, attackers could rapidly compromise multiple installations, especially in urban areas with high reliance on automated parking solutions. The operational disruption could also impact public services and urban mobility, with cascading effects on traffic management and safety.

Immediate mitigation steps should include restricting network access to the Okcat Parking Management Platform's web management interface using firewalls or VPNs to limit exposure to trusted administrators only. Organizations should implement strict input validation and file type restrictions at the application layer to prevent dangerous file uploads. Monitoring and logging of file upload activities should be enhanced to detect suspicious behavior promptly. Until an official patch is released, deploying web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to block upload attempts of executable or script files can reduce risk. Regularly auditing the platform for unauthorized files and signs of compromise is critical. Organizations should also prepare incident response plans specific to this vulnerability, including isolating affected systems and forensic analysis procedures. Engaging with the vendor for timely patch updates and applying them immediately upon release is essential. Finally, educating staff about the risks and signs of exploitation can help in early detection and response.