CVE-2025-45613 is a high-severity vulnerability identified in the /user/list component of Shiro-Action version 0.6. The vulnerability arises from incorrect access control implementation, classified under CWE-284 (Improper Access Control). This flaw allows unauthenticated attackers to craft specific payloads that bypass intended access restrictions and retrieve sensitive information without requiring any privileges or user interaction. The vulnerability has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.5, reflecting its network exploitable nature (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), no user interaction needed (UI:N), and a high impact on confidentiality (C:H) with no impact on integrity or availability. Although the exact product vendor and affected versions are unspecified beyond version 0.6, the vulnerability specifically targets the /user/list endpoint, which likely exposes user-related data. No public exploits have been reported yet, and no patches have been linked, indicating that the vulnerability is newly disclosed and may require immediate attention from organizations using Shiro-Action 0.6 or related software components. The vulnerability's exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive user information, potentially facilitating further attacks such as social engineering, identity theft, or privilege escalation if combined with other vulnerabilities.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-45613 could be significant, especially for those relying on Shiro-Action 0.6 or integrated systems that utilize this component for user management. Unauthorized access to sensitive user information can lead to breaches of personal data, violating GDPR requirements and resulting in legal penalties and reputational damage. The confidentiality breach could expose personal identifiable information (PII), credentials, or internal user lists, increasing the risk of targeted phishing or lateral movement within networks. Sectors such as finance, healthcare, and government agencies, which handle sensitive user data, would be particularly vulnerable. Additionally, the lack of required authentication and user interaction lowers the barrier for attackers, increasing the likelihood of exploitation. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but also means organizations should proactively assess exposure and implement mitigations before active exploitation emerges.

Given the absence of official patches or vendor advisories, European organizations should take the following specific actions: 1) Conduct an immediate inventory to identify any deployments of Shiro-Action 0.6 or related components exposing the /user/list endpoint. 2) Implement network-level access controls such as IP whitelisting or segmentation to restrict access to the vulnerable endpoint only to trusted internal users or systems. 3) Employ Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block suspicious payloads targeting /user/list, focusing on anomalous request patterns or payload signatures. 4) Monitor logs for unusual access attempts to the /user/list endpoint, including requests from unknown IP addresses or abnormal query parameters. 5) If feasible, temporarily disable or restrict the /user/list functionality until a patch or official fix is available. 6) Engage with the software vendor or community to obtain updates or patches and apply them promptly once released. 7) Educate security teams about this vulnerability to enhance detection and incident response readiness. These measures go beyond generic advice by focusing on immediate containment and detection tailored to the specific vulnerable component and its exploitation vector.