CVE-2025-45846 is a high-severity vulnerability identified in ALFA AIP-W512 version 3.2.2.2.3. The flaw is an authenticated stack overflow occurring via the torrentsindex parameter within the formBTClinetSetting function. A stack overflow vulnerability (CWE-121) arises when a program writes more data to a buffer located on the stack than it can hold, potentially overwriting adjacent memory and leading to arbitrary code execution, denial of service, or system compromise. This vulnerability requires authentication (PR:L) but no user interaction (UI:N), and can be exploited remotely over the network (AV:N) with low attack complexity (AC:L). The impact is severe, affecting confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H). Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the high CVSS score of 8.8 reflects the critical nature of the vulnerability. The lack of available patches or vendor information increases the risk, as organizations may remain exposed until mitigations or updates are released. The vulnerability's presence in a network-accessible function suggests that attackers with valid credentials could exploit it to execute arbitrary code or disrupt services, potentially leading to full system compromise.

For European organizations using ALFA AIP-W512 v3.2.2.2.3, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access, data breaches, and service outages, impacting business continuity and regulatory compliance, especially under GDPR requirements for data protection. The authenticated nature means insider threats or compromised credentials could facilitate attacks. Critical infrastructure or enterprises relying on this device for network operations could face operational disruptions or espionage risks. The absence of patches increases exposure time, potentially inviting targeted attacks. Additionally, the high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability could result in severe financial and reputational damage, legal penalties, and loss of customer trust.

Organizations should immediately audit their environments to identify deployments of ALFA AIP-W512 v3.2.2.2.3. Since no patches are currently available, mitigating controls include restricting access to management interfaces to trusted networks and IP addresses, enforcing strong authentication mechanisms such as multi-factor authentication to reduce the risk of credential compromise, and monitoring logs for unusual activity related to the torrentsindex parameter or formBTClinetSetting function calls. Network segmentation should be employed to isolate vulnerable devices from critical assets. Implementing intrusion detection/prevention systems with signatures tuned to detect exploitation attempts targeting this vulnerability is advisable. Additionally, organizations should engage with the vendor or community to obtain updates or patches as soon as they become available and plan for timely deployment. Regular backups and incident response plans should be reviewed and tested to prepare for potential exploitation scenarios.