CVE-2025-45855 is an arbitrary file upload vulnerability identified in the /upload/GoodsCategory/image component of the erupt framework version 1.12.19. This vulnerability allows an attacker to upload crafted files to the server, which can lead to the execution of arbitrary code. The root cause is related to improper validation or sanitization of uploaded files, classified under CWE-434 (Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type). Exploiting this vulnerability requires no privileges (PR:N) but does require user interaction (UI:R), such as convincing a user to upload a malicious file. The attack vector is network-based (AV:N), meaning the attacker can exploit it remotely. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality and integrity to a limited extent (C:L/I:L) but does not affect availability (A:N). The CVSS v3.1 base score is 5.4, indicating a medium severity level. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches or vendor advisories are available at this time. The vulnerability's scope is unchanged (S:U), meaning the impact is limited to the vulnerable component without affecting other system components. Given the nature of arbitrary file upload vulnerabilities, successful exploitation could allow attackers to execute malicious scripts or commands on the server, potentially leading to further compromise of the system or lateral movement within the network. However, the requirement for user interaction and the lack of privilege requirements somewhat limit the ease of exploitation and impact severity.

For European organizations using the erupt framework, particularly version 1.12.19, this vulnerability poses a moderate risk. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized code execution, potentially compromising sensitive data or system integrity. This is especially critical for organizations handling personal data under GDPR regulations, as any breach could result in significant legal and financial consequences. The vulnerability could be leveraged to implant backdoors, escalate privileges, or pivot to other internal systems, increasing the risk of broader network compromise. However, the requirement for user interaction reduces the likelihood of automated mass exploitation, making targeted attacks more probable. Organizations in sectors such as e-commerce, manufacturing, or any industry relying on erupt for content or product management should be particularly vigilant. Additionally, the absence of known exploits in the wild provides a window for proactive mitigation before widespread attacks occur.

1. Immediate mitigation should focus on restricting file upload capabilities to trusted users only and implementing strict validation on file types, sizes, and content. 2. Employ server-side checks to verify MIME types and use allowlists for acceptable file extensions. 3. Implement sandboxing or isolation mechanisms for uploaded files to prevent execution of malicious code. 4. Monitor and log all file upload activities to detect suspicious behavior promptly. 5. If possible, disable the vulnerable upload component until a patch or update is available. 6. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focused on file upload functionalities. 7. Educate users about the risks of uploading untrusted files and enforce multi-factor authentication to reduce the risk of unauthorized access. 8. Stay updated with vendor advisories and apply patches as soon as they are released. 9. Consider deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with rules targeting arbitrary file upload attempts to provide an additional layer of defense.