CVE-2025-46080 is a file upload vulnerability identified in HuoCMS version 3.5.1. The vulnerability allows an attacker to bypass whitelist restrictions that are intended to limit the types of files that can be uploaded to the server. By exploiting this flaw, an attacker can craft malicious files with specific suffixes that evade the whitelist checks. This can lead to unauthorized file uploads, potentially enabling the attacker to gain control over the affected server. The vulnerability is categorized under CWE-434, which relates to unrestricted file upload vulnerabilities. According to the CVSS 3.1 vector (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N), the attack can be performed remotely over the network without any privileges or user interaction, and it results in a low impact on confidentiality, with no impact on integrity or availability. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches or vendor advisories have been linked yet. The lack of a vendor project or product name beyond HuoCMS and absence of affected version details beyond 3.5.1 limits the scope of detailed technical mitigation guidance, but the core issue remains the insufficient validation of uploaded files allowing bypass of whitelist restrictions.

For European organizations using HuoCMS 3.5.1, this vulnerability poses a moderate risk primarily related to confidentiality breaches. An attacker could upload malicious files that may be used to execute unauthorized code or access sensitive data on the server. While the CVSS score indicates a medium severity with limited confidentiality impact, the ability to gain control of the server could lead to further lateral movement or data exfiltration if combined with other vulnerabilities or misconfigurations. The impact is particularly relevant for organizations hosting sensitive or regulated data, such as those in finance, healthcare, or government sectors. Since the vulnerability does not require authentication or user interaction, it can be exploited by remote attackers, increasing the risk of automated scanning and exploitation attempts. However, the absence of known exploits in the wild suggests that immediate widespread attacks are not yet observed, providing a window for proactive mitigation.

1. Immediate mitigation should include disabling or restricting file upload functionality in HuoCMS where possible until a vendor patch is available. 2. Implement additional server-side validation of uploaded files beyond suffix checks, such as verifying MIME types, scanning for malware, and restricting file execution permissions. 3. Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block suspicious file upload attempts targeting HuoCMS. 4. Monitor server logs for unusual file upload activity or attempts to upload files with uncommon suffixes. 5. Segregate the web server environment to limit the impact of a potential compromise, including running the CMS with least privilege and isolating upload directories from executable paths. 6. Stay updated with vendor advisories and apply patches promptly once available. 7. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focused on file upload mechanisms to identify similar weaknesses.