CVE-2025-46250 is a Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability classified under CWE-79, affecting the VForm product developed by Vikas Ratudi, specifically versions up to 3.1.14. Stored XSS occurs when malicious input is improperly neutralized and subsequently stored by the web application, later being served to users without adequate sanitization or encoding. This vulnerability allows an attacker to inject malicious scripts into web pages generated by VForm, which are then executed in the browsers of users who view the affected pages. The exploitation of this vulnerability could enable attackers to perform actions such as session hijacking, defacement, phishing, or distribution of malware by leveraging the trust users place in the compromised application. Since VForm is a web-based form management or data collection tool, it likely processes and displays user input dynamically, making it a prime candidate for such injection attacks if input validation and output encoding are insufficient. The vulnerability does not currently have known exploits in the wild, and no patches have been published at the time of analysis. The issue was identified and reserved on April 22, 2025, with enrichment from CISA, indicating recognition by authoritative cybersecurity entities. The absence of a CVSS score necessitates an independent severity assessment based on the nature of the vulnerability and its potential impact.

For European organizations using VForm, this Stored XSS vulnerability poses significant risks to confidentiality, integrity, and user trust. Attackers exploiting this flaw could steal session cookies or authentication tokens, leading to unauthorized access to sensitive data or administrative functions within the application. This could result in data breaches involving personal data protected under GDPR, leading to regulatory penalties and reputational damage. Additionally, the integrity of data collected or displayed via VForm could be compromised, undermining business processes reliant on accurate form submissions. The availability of the service might also be indirectly affected if attackers use the vulnerability to launch further attacks or deface web pages, causing service disruptions or loss of customer confidence. Given that Stored XSS does not require user interaction beyond visiting a compromised page, the attack surface is broad, potentially impacting all users of the vulnerable VForm instances. The medium severity rating reflects these risks balanced against the lack of known active exploitation and the requirement that the attacker must be able to submit malicious input to the application.

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations should implement strict input validation and output encoding on all user-supplied data within VForm. Specifically, all inputs should be sanitized to remove or encode HTML special characters before storage and display. Employing Content Security Policy (CSP) headers can help restrict the execution of unauthorized scripts in browsers. Organizations should monitor for updates or patches from Vikas Ratudi and apply them promptly once available. In the interim, web application firewalls (WAFs) can be configured to detect and block common XSS attack patterns targeting VForm endpoints. Conducting regular security audits and penetration testing focused on input handling will help identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities. Additionally, educating users about the risks of clicking on suspicious links and implementing multi-factor authentication can reduce the impact of potential session hijacking resulting from XSS exploitation.