CVE-2025-46281 is a sandbox escape vulnerability in Apple macOS identified as a logic issue where an application may bypass sandbox restrictions due to inadequate validation checks. The macOS sandbox is a security mechanism designed to isolate applications, limiting their access to system resources and user data to prevent malicious or compromised apps from causing harm. This vulnerability stems from a flaw in the sandbox enforcement logic that could allow an app to break out of its sandbox containment, potentially gaining elevated privileges or unauthorized access to system components. The issue was addressed by Apple in macOS Tahoe 26.2 through improved checks that strengthen sandbox boundary enforcement. Although the affected versions are unspecified, it is implied that all versions prior to the patch are vulnerable. There are no known exploits reported in the wild as of the publication date, suggesting limited or no active exploitation currently. However, the potential for sandbox escape poses a significant risk because it undermines a fundamental security boundary in macOS. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized data access, privilege escalation, and compromise of system integrity. This vulnerability is particularly concerning for environments where macOS devices are used to handle sensitive information or critical operations. The lack of a CVSS score requires an assessment based on the nature of the vulnerability, which indicates a high severity due to the impact on confidentiality, integrity, and the potential for privilege escalation without user interaction once an app is installed.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-46281 could be substantial, especially in sectors such as finance, government, healthcare, and technology where macOS devices are prevalent. A successful sandbox escape could allow malicious applications to access sensitive data, execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges, and potentially move laterally within networks. This could lead to data breaches, intellectual property theft, disruption of services, and erosion of trust. Organizations relying on macOS for endpoint security would face increased risk of compromise, and regulatory compliance could be affected if personal or sensitive data is exposed. The absence of known exploits reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, as attackers may develop exploits once the vulnerability details are widely known. The impact is amplified in environments with lax patch management or where users have the ability to install unvetted applications. Additionally, the vulnerability could be leveraged in targeted attacks against high-value European entities, especially those with strategic importance or geopolitical exposure.

European organizations should prioritize updating all macOS devices to version Tahoe 26.2 or later to ensure the vulnerability is patched. Beyond patching, organizations should enforce strict application control policies, limiting the installation of untrusted or unsigned applications to reduce the risk of malicious apps exploiting the sandbox escape. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of monitoring for anomalous behaviors indicative of sandbox breakout attempts. Regularly audit and review installed applications and their permissions. Implement network segmentation to limit the potential lateral movement of compromised devices. Educate users about the risks of installing unauthorized software and encourage adherence to security policies. For organizations with high security requirements, consider deploying additional sandboxing or virtualization layers and conduct penetration testing to validate the effectiveness of mitigations. Maintain up-to-date inventory of macOS devices and ensure timely deployment of security updates. Finally, monitor threat intelligence feeds for any emerging exploit activity related to this vulnerability.