CVE-2025-46289 is a security vulnerability identified in Apple macOS operating systems, stemming from a logic issue related to file handling mechanisms. This flaw allows an application, potentially malicious, to circumvent the operating system's protections and gain unauthorized access to protected user data. The vulnerability is rooted in how macOS manages file access permissions and security boundaries, enabling an app to exploit this logic error to read or manipulate data that should be inaccessible. Apple has addressed this issue in updates macOS Sonoma 14.8.3 and macOS Sequoia 15.7.3, indicating that earlier versions are vulnerable. The exact affected versions are unspecified, but the presence of a patch implies that all versions prior to these updates may be at risk. There are no known exploits in the wild at the time of publication, suggesting that active exploitation has not yet been observed. However, the potential for data leakage is significant given that the flaw allows unauthorized data access without requiring user interaction, though the attacker must have the ability to run an app on the system. The vulnerability primarily impacts the confidentiality of user data, as unauthorized apps could access sensitive files or information. The lack of a CVSS score means severity must be assessed based on impact and exploitability factors. Since the flaw involves bypassing file access controls through a logic error, it is likely to be moderately complex to exploit but could have serious consequences if leveraged. The vulnerability underscores the importance of applying security patches promptly and monitoring for suspicious app behavior on macOS devices.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-46289 could be substantial, particularly for those relying on macOS devices for handling sensitive or regulated data. Unauthorized access to protected user data can lead to data breaches, loss of confidentiality, and potential compliance violations under regulations such as GDPR. Organizations in sectors like finance, healthcare, legal, and government, where data sensitivity is paramount, face increased risks. The breach of user data could also facilitate further attacks, including identity theft, espionage, or lateral movement within networks. Given that exploitation does not require user interaction but does require app execution, insider threats or supply chain compromises could be vectors. The absence of known exploits currently provides a window for proactive defense, but the widespread use of macOS in European enterprises and among professionals means the attack surface is significant. Failure to patch promptly could result in exploitation once threat actors develop working exploits. Additionally, the vulnerability could undermine trust in Apple devices within critical infrastructure and business environments in Europe.

European organizations should immediately verify the macOS versions deployed across their environments and prioritize upgrading to macOS Sonoma 14.8.3 or macOS Sequoia 15.7.3 where applicable. Implement strict application control policies using Apple’s built-in tools such as Gatekeeper and System Integrity Protection (SIP) to restrict the execution of unauthorized or untrusted applications. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of monitoring anomalous file access patterns and app behaviors indicative of exploitation attempts. Conduct regular audits of installed applications and remove any that are unnecessary or unverified. Educate users about the risks of installing untrusted software and enforce least privilege principles to limit app permissions. Network segmentation can help contain potential breaches originating from compromised macOS devices. Additionally, monitor security advisories from Apple and threat intelligence feeds for any emerging exploit reports related to this vulnerability. For organizations with sensitive data, consider implementing data encryption at rest and in transit to reduce the impact of unauthorized data access.