VulnerabilityPublished 30 May 2025

CVE-2025-4633: JCT Airpointer · Use of Hard-coded Credentials

Affects JCT AirpointerSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 6.5 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 10:12 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

6.5Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 17% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: Low
Integrity: Low
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the impacted component.
Integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact on the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 30 May 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
JCT Airpointer	Affected =2.4.107-2	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations using Airpointer version 2.4.107-2 should immediately implement the following measures: 1) Restrict network access to the Airpointer web portal by implementing strict firewall rules and network segmentation to limit exposure to trusted internal networks only. 2) Change any default or hard-coded credentials if possible, or disable the web portal interface until a vendor patch is available. 3) Monitor network traffic and device logs for any unauthorized access attempts or suspicious activities targeting the Airpointer devices. 4) Engage with the vendor (JCT) to obtain guidance on patches or firmware updates addressing this vulnerability and apply them promptly once released. 5) Employ multi-factor authentication (MFA) on management interfaces if supported, to add an additional layer of security. 6) Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focusing on IoT and embedded devices to identify similar weaknesses. 7) Educate relevant personnel about the risks of hard-coded credentials and enforce policies to avoid deploying devices with default passwords in production environments.

Description

Default credentials were present in the web portal for Airpointer 2.4.107-2, allowing an unauthenticated malicious actor to log in via the web portal

Impact

For European organizations, the exploitation of CVE-2025-4633 could lead to unauthorized access to Airpointer devices, which may be used in environmental monitoring, industrial control, or other critical infrastructure sectors. The confidentiality impact means sensitive data collected or processed by the device could be exposed, potentially violating data protection regulations such as GDPR. Integrity impact implies attackers could manipulate data or device settings, leading to incorrect readings or operational disruptions. While availability is not directly affected, the indirect consequences of compromised data integrity could affect decision-making processes or regulatory compliance. Organizations relying on Airpointer devices for environmental data or operational monitoring may face reputational damage, regulatory penalties, or operational inefficiencies if this vulnerability is exploited. The ease of exploitation (no authentication or user interaction required) increases the risk, especially if devices are accessible over the internet or poorly segmented networks. Given the medium severity, the threat is significant but not critical; however, the potential for escalation or chaining with other vulnerabilities could increase overall risk.

CWE-798Use of Hard-coded Credentials (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighOWASP Top 10 A07:2025: Authentication Failures (opens in a new tab)
The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key.
Architecture and Design
For outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320).
Architecture and Design
For inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
Architecture and Design
If the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Key Management (opens in a new tab)
REST Security (opens in a new tab)
JSON Web Token for Java (opens in a new tab)
OWASP Authentication (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V2.10.4 (opens in a new tab)
V6.4.1 (opens in a new tab)
V3.5.2 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Read Sensitive Constants Within an Executable (opens in a new tab)
Try Common or Default Usernames and Passwords (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

jct-aq.com/products/airpointer2d/ (opens in a new tab)

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 7 Jul 2025, 20:57 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-798

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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