CVE-2025-46440 is a high-severity reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in the Mark kStats Reloaded software, affecting versions up to 0.7.4. This vulnerability arises from improper neutralization of input during web page generation (CWE-79), allowing malicious actors to inject and execute arbitrary scripts in the context of a victim's browser. Specifically, the flaw is a reflected XSS, meaning that the malicious payload is embedded in a request and immediately reflected in the server's response without proper sanitization or encoding. Exploiting this vulnerability requires no authentication (PR:N) but does require user interaction (UI:R), such as clicking a crafted link. The vulnerability has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.1, indicating high severity, with attack vector being network (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), and a scope change (S:C) implying that the vulnerability affects resources beyond the initially vulnerable component. The impact affects confidentiality, integrity, and availability to a limited extent (C:L, I:L, A:L), as attackers can steal session tokens, manipulate displayed content, or potentially perform actions on behalf of the user. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability was reserved on April 24, 2025, and published on May 23, 2025. Given the nature of kStats Reloaded as a web-based statistics or analytics tool, the vulnerability could be leveraged to target users of the affected web application, potentially leading to session hijacking, phishing, or unauthorized actions within the application context.

For European organizations using Mark kStats Reloaded, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to web application security and user trust. Exploitation could lead to theft of sensitive session cookies or credentials, enabling attackers to impersonate legitimate users and access restricted data or functionality. This is particularly concerning for organizations handling personal data under GDPR, as unauthorized access or data leakage could result in regulatory penalties and reputational damage. Additionally, the reflected XSS could be used as a vector for delivering further malware or conducting phishing attacks targeting employees or customers. The scope change in the vulnerability suggests that the impact could extend beyond the immediate application, potentially affecting integrated systems or services. Organizations relying on kStats Reloaded for analytics or monitoring may face disruptions or data integrity issues if attackers manipulate displayed statistics or inject misleading information. Although no exploits are currently known in the wild, the high severity and ease of exploitation without authentication mean that attackers could develop exploits rapidly, increasing the urgency for mitigation.

To mitigate CVE-2025-46440, European organizations should implement the following specific measures: 1) Immediately review and apply any available patches or updates from the vendor Mark for kStats Reloaded. If no official patch is available, consider temporarily disabling or restricting access to the affected functionality. 2) Employ robust input validation and output encoding on all user-supplied data reflected in web pages, using context-aware encoding libraries to neutralize potentially malicious scripts. 3) Implement Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict the execution of inline scripts and limit the sources from which scripts can be loaded, reducing the impact of XSS payloads. 4) Use HTTP-only and Secure flags on session cookies to prevent theft via client-side scripts. 5) Conduct thorough security testing, including automated scanning and manual penetration testing focused on XSS vulnerabilities, to identify and remediate similar issues. 6) Educate users about the risks of clicking on suspicious links and implement email filtering to reduce phishing attempts leveraging this vulnerability. 7) Monitor web server logs and application behavior for unusual requests or error patterns indicative of attempted exploitation. 8) Consider deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with rules tuned to detect and block reflected XSS attack patterns targeting kStats Reloaded endpoints.