CVE-2025-46566 is a vulnerability identified in DataEase, an open-source business intelligence (BI) tool that serves as an alternative to Tableau. The vulnerability affects all versions prior to 2.10.9 and is classified under CWE-923 (Improper Restriction of Communication Channel to Intended Endpoints) and CWE-284 (Improper Access Control). The core issue arises from insufficient restrictions on backend JDBC connections, which allow authenticated users to execute remote code execution (RCE) attacks. Specifically, an authenticated user can exploit the backend JDBC link to execute arbitrary code on the server hosting DataEase. This vulnerability does not require user interaction beyond authentication but does require the attacker to have legitimate credentials with at least limited privileges (PR:L). The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.8, indicating a medium severity level. The vector indicates network attack vector (AV:N), high attack complexity (AC:H), no privileges required for attack (AT:N) but privileges are required (PR:L), no user interaction (UI:N), and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H, I:H, A:H). The vulnerability has been patched in version 2.10.9, and no known exploits are currently observed in the wild. The vulnerability allows an attacker to bypass intended communication restrictions, potentially leading to full system compromise if exploited successfully. Given the nature of BI tools, which often access sensitive business data and integrate with critical backend databases, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to data confidentiality and system integrity.

For European organizations, the exploitation of CVE-2025-46566 could lead to severe consequences. Since DataEase is used for business intelligence and data analytics, an attacker gaining RCE capabilities could access, manipulate, or exfiltrate sensitive corporate data, including financial records, customer information, and strategic business insights. This could result in data breaches violating GDPR regulations, leading to substantial fines and reputational damage. Additionally, the attacker could disrupt business operations by modifying or deleting critical data or deploying ransomware or other malware via the compromised system. The medium CVSS score reflects the requirement for authenticated access and high attack complexity, which somewhat limits the attack surface but does not eliminate risk, especially in environments with weak credential management or insider threats. The impact on availability could disrupt decision-making processes reliant on BI data, affecting operational efficiency. Overall, the vulnerability could compromise confidentiality, integrity, and availability of critical business data and systems within European enterprises.

1. Immediate upgrade to DataEase version 2.10.9 or later to apply the official patch addressing this vulnerability. 2. Implement strict access controls and enforce the principle of least privilege for all users with access to DataEase, ensuring only necessary users have authenticated access. 3. Monitor and audit authentication logs and JDBC connection usage for unusual or unauthorized activity, focusing on backend access patterns. 4. Employ network segmentation to isolate BI tools like DataEase from critical backend systems and sensitive databases, limiting lateral movement opportunities. 5. Use multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all users accessing DataEase to reduce the risk of compromised credentials being exploited. 6. Conduct regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing focused on BI infrastructure to detect similar misconfigurations or vulnerabilities. 7. Educate users and administrators about the risks of improper access controls and the importance of timely patching. 8. If immediate patching is not feasible, consider temporary compensating controls such as disabling JDBC backend links or restricting them via firewall rules to trusted endpoints only.