CVE-2025-47286 is a critical injection vulnerability classified under CWE-74, affecting Combodo iTop, a widely used web-based IT service management platform. The vulnerability exists in versions prior to 2.7.13 and between 3.0.0-alpha and 3.2.2, where an authenticated administrator can exploit improper neutralization of special elements in configuration parameters. Specifically, the flaw allows an attacker with administrative privileges to inject and execute arbitrary code on the server by editing the iTop instance configuration. This occurs because the application fails to properly escape or validate special characters before passing them to downstream components that execute commands. The vulnerability does not require user interaction but does require high privileges (administrator access). The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N) reflects network exploitability with low attack complexity, no user interaction, but requiring high privileges. The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is high, as arbitrary code execution can lead to full system compromise. The vendor addressed the issue in versions 2.7.13 and 3.2.2 by implementing proper escaping and validation of the configuration parameters before command execution. No public exploits have been reported yet, but the vulnerability poses a significant risk to organizations using affected versions, especially those relying on iTop for critical IT service management functions.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a substantial risk due to the potential for complete server compromise through code execution. IT service management platforms like iTop often have access to sensitive operational data, configuration details, and integration points with other enterprise systems. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized data access, service disruption, and lateral movement within the network. Given that the vulnerability requires administrator privileges, insider threats or compromised administrator accounts could be leveraged by attackers to exploit this flaw. The impact extends to confidentiality, integrity, and availability of IT service management operations, potentially affecting incident response, asset management, and service delivery. Disruption or compromise of iTop could also impact compliance with European data protection regulations such as GDPR if personal data is involved. Organizations relying on iTop for ITSM should consider this vulnerability a high priority for remediation to maintain operational security and regulatory compliance.

1. Upgrade immediately to Combodo iTop versions 2.7.13 or 3.2.2 or later, where the vulnerability has been fixed by proper escaping and validation of configuration parameters. 2. Restrict administrator access strictly to trusted personnel and enforce strong authentication mechanisms, including multi-factor authentication, to reduce the risk of credential compromise. 3. Monitor configuration changes and audit administrator activities within iTop to detect any suspicious modifications that could indicate exploitation attempts. 4. Implement network segmentation to isolate ITSM platforms from general user networks and limit exposure to potential attackers. 5. Regularly review and update security policies around privileged access management and ensure timely application of security patches. 6. Employ runtime application self-protection (RASP) or web application firewalls (WAF) with custom rules to detect and block suspicious command injection patterns targeting iTop. 7. Conduct security awareness training for administrators to recognize and prevent misuse of their privileges. 8. Maintain regular backups of iTop configurations and data to enable recovery in case of compromise.