CVE-2025-47286 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component, commonly known as injection) affecting Combodo iTop, an IT service management web application. The flaw exists in versions prior to 2.7.13 and from 3.0.0-alpha up to but not including 3.2.2. It allows an authenticated administrator to execute arbitrary code on the server by manipulating configuration parameters that are improperly sanitized before being used in command execution. This improper neutralization enables injection of malicious payloads that the server executes, potentially leading to full system compromise. The vulnerability does not require user interaction and can be exploited remotely over the network, but it does require administrator privileges, which limits the attack surface to trusted users or compromised admin accounts. The vendor fixed the issue by introducing escaping and validation of the configuration parameters in versions 2.7.13 and 3.2.2. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 8.6, reflecting high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with low attack complexity and no need for user interaction. No public exploits have been reported yet, but the potential impact is severe given the nature of the vulnerability and the level of access required.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk, especially those relying on Combodo iTop for IT service management. Successful exploitation could lead to complete server compromise, exposing sensitive IT infrastructure data, disrupting service management operations, and enabling lateral movement within networks. The breach of confidentiality could expose internal configuration and operational data, while integrity and availability impacts could disrupt IT service workflows, causing operational downtime and impacting business continuity. Organizations in critical infrastructure sectors, government, and large enterprises with complex ITSM deployments are particularly vulnerable. The requirement for administrator privileges means that insider threats or compromised admin credentials are the most likely attack vectors. Given the widespread use of iTop in Europe, the vulnerability could facilitate targeted attacks against high-value IT environments, increasing the risk of espionage, sabotage, or ransomware deployment.

1. Immediately upgrade all affected Combodo iTop instances to versions 2.7.13 or 3.2.2 or later, where the vulnerability is patched. 2. Restrict administrator access strictly using the principle of least privilege and enforce strong authentication mechanisms such as multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all admin accounts. 3. Monitor configuration changes within iTop for unusual or unauthorized modifications, leveraging logging and alerting capabilities. 4. Conduct regular audits of administrator activity and review access logs to detect potential misuse. 5. Isolate iTop servers within segmented network zones to limit lateral movement in case of compromise. 6. Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block suspicious payloads targeting configuration parameters. 7. Educate administrators on secure configuration management practices and the risks of code injection vulnerabilities. 8. Maintain up-to-date backups of iTop configurations and system states to enable rapid recovery if exploitation occurs.