CVE-2025-4757 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.1 of the PHPGurukul Beauty Parlour Management System. The vulnerability resides in the /forgot-password.php script, specifically in the handling of the 'email' parameter. An attacker can manipulate this parameter to inject malicious SQL code, which the backend database executes. This flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to potentially access, modify, or delete sensitive data stored in the database. The vulnerability does not require any user interaction or privileges, making it exploitable over the network without authentication. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9, categorized as medium severity, reflecting the ease of exploitation (network vector, low attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction required) but limited scope and impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (each rated low). Although no public exploits are currently known in the wild, the vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of exploitation. The lack of a patch or mitigation guidance from the vendor at this time further elevates the threat. SQL Injection vulnerabilities are critical because they can lead to unauthorized data disclosure, data corruption, or full system compromise depending on the database privileges and application context. In this case, the vulnerability affects a niche management system used by beauty parlours, which may store customer personal data, appointment details, and possibly payment information, making the data confidentiality and integrity concerns significant.

For European organizations using the PHPGurukul Beauty Parlour Management System version 1.1, this vulnerability poses a direct risk to customer data confidentiality and integrity. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to personal identifiable information (PII) of clients, including contact details and possibly sensitive health or payment data if stored. This could result in regulatory non-compliance with GDPR, leading to legal penalties and reputational damage. Additionally, data tampering or deletion could disrupt business operations, causing service outages or loss of customer trust. Since the vulnerability is remotely exploitable without authentication, attackers can launch automated attacks at scale, increasing the risk of widespread compromise. The medium CVSS score reflects that while the impact is significant, the scope is somewhat limited to the affected application and database. However, if the system is integrated with other internal networks or systems, lateral movement and further compromise could occur. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate it, especially given the public disclosure. European beauty parlour businesses using this system should consider the threat serious due to the sensitive nature of customer data and regulatory environment.

1. Immediate mitigation should include restricting external access to the /forgot-password.php endpoint via web application firewalls (WAF) or network access controls to reduce exposure. 2. Implement input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements in the application code to eliminate SQL injection vectors; this requires vendor patching or custom code review and fixes. 3. Monitor web server and database logs for suspicious queries or repeated failed password reset attempts that could indicate exploitation attempts. 4. If patching from the vendor is unavailable, consider isolating the affected system from critical internal networks and limiting database user privileges to the minimum necessary to reduce impact. 5. Conduct a thorough security audit and penetration test of the system to identify any other injection points or vulnerabilities. 6. Educate staff on incident response procedures in case of data breach and prepare for GDPR notification requirements. 7. Regularly back up the database securely to enable recovery in case of data tampering or loss. 8. Engage with the vendor or community to obtain or develop patches and updates addressing this vulnerability.