CVE-2025-47663 is a critical vulnerability classified under CWE-434, which pertains to the Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type in the mojoomla Hospital Management System. This vulnerability allows an attacker with at least low-level privileges (PR:L) to upload malicious files, specifically web shells, to the web server hosting the affected system. The vulnerability exists in mojoomla Hospital Management System versions 47.0(20 and possibly earlier or related builds, enabling an attacker to bypass file upload restrictions and place executable code on the server. The CVSS 3.1 score of 9.9 reflects the critical nature of this flaw, indicating that it can be exploited remotely (AV:N) with low attack complexity (AC:L), no user interaction (UI:N), and results in a complete compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H). The scope is changed (S:C), meaning the vulnerability affects resources beyond the initially vulnerable component, potentially impacting the entire server environment. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the potential for exploitation is high due to the nature of the vulnerability and the critical assets involved. Hospital Management Systems are prime targets due to the sensitive patient data they handle and their role in healthcare operations. An attacker uploading a web shell could execute arbitrary commands, steal sensitive data, disrupt hospital operations, or pivot to other internal systems, leading to severe consequences including data breaches, ransomware deployment, or denial of service.

For European organizations, particularly healthcare providers using mojoomla Hospital Management System, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive patient health information protected under GDPR, resulting in legal penalties and loss of patient trust. The integrity and availability of hospital services could be severely disrupted, potentially endangering patient care and safety. Given the criticality of healthcare infrastructure, such an attack could also have cascading effects on national health services and emergency response capabilities. Additionally, the breach of confidential medical data could have long-term reputational damage and financial consequences. The ability to upload a web shell means attackers could maintain persistent access, conduct lateral movement, and deploy ransomware or other malware, amplifying the threat landscape for European healthcare institutions.

To mitigate this vulnerability, European healthcare organizations should immediately verify if they are running affected versions of mojoomla Hospital Management System and prioritize patching once available. In the absence of an official patch, organizations should implement strict file upload controls, including whitelisting allowed file types, enforcing file size limits, and validating file contents on the server side. Employing web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules to detect and block web shell signatures can provide an additional layer of defense. Restricting upload permissions to only trusted users and monitoring upload directories for suspicious files is critical. Network segmentation should be used to isolate the Hospital Management System from other critical infrastructure to limit lateral movement. Regularly auditing logs for unusual activities and deploying endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools can help detect exploitation attempts early. Finally, organizations should review and strengthen their incident response plans to quickly address potential breaches stemming from this vulnerability.