CVE-2025-4771 is a critical SQL Injection vulnerability identified in PHPGurukul Online Course Registration version 3.1, specifically within an unknown function in the /admin/course.php file. The vulnerability arises due to improper sanitization or validation of the 'coursecode' parameter, which is susceptible to malicious input manipulation. An attacker can exploit this flaw remotely without requiring authentication or user interaction, by injecting crafted SQL commands through the 'coursecode' argument. This can lead to unauthorized access to the backend database, allowing attackers to read, modify, or delete sensitive data, potentially compromising the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9 (medium severity), reflecting the network attack vector, low attack complexity, and no privileges or user interaction required. However, the impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is rated as low individually, which moderates the overall severity. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the public disclosure of the vulnerability increases the risk of exploitation. The lack of available patches or mitigations from the vendor at this time further elevates the threat to affected installations. Given that the vulnerability resides in an administrative interface, successful exploitation could allow attackers to manipulate course registration data or escalate further within the environment if additional vulnerabilities exist.

For European organizations using PHPGurukul Online Course Registration 3.1, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the security of their educational or training platforms. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized data disclosure, including personal information of students and staff, course details, and registration records. This could result in privacy violations under GDPR, reputational damage, and potential legal consequences. Additionally, attackers could alter course data, disrupt registration processes, or leverage the access to pivot to other internal systems, impacting operational continuity. Educational institutions and training providers in Europe that rely on this software for managing course registrations are particularly vulnerable. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the attack vector means that threat actors can exploit this vulnerability from anywhere, increasing the risk of widespread attacks. The lack of known exploits in the wild currently provides a limited window for proactive mitigation before potential exploitation escalates.

1. Immediate mitigation should include restricting access to the /admin/course.php endpoint to trusted IP addresses or VPN users to reduce exposure. 2. Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the 'coursecode' parameter. 3. Conduct thorough input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements in the application code to sanitize all user inputs, especially 'coursecode'. 4. Monitor logs for suspicious activities related to course registration endpoints and anomalous database queries. 5. If possible, isolate the affected system from critical internal networks to limit lateral movement. 6. Engage with the vendor or community to obtain or develop patches addressing the vulnerability. 7. Educate administrative users about the risk and encourage strong authentication mechanisms to reduce the impact of potential exploitation. 8. Plan for a comprehensive security review of the entire application to identify and remediate similar injection flaws.