CVE-2025-4773 is a critical SQL Injection vulnerability identified in the PHPGurukul Online Course Registration system version 3.1, specifically within the /admin/level.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'level' parameter, which is directly used in SQL queries. This flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to manipulate the 'level' argument to inject arbitrary SQL commands. Exploiting this vulnerability could enable attackers to read, modify, or delete data within the backend database, potentially leading to unauthorized data disclosure, data corruption, or complete compromise of the application’s data integrity. The vulnerability does not require any authentication or user interaction, making it highly accessible for exploitation. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9, indicating a medium severity level, with the vector highlighting network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction required, and limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no public exploits have been reported in the wild yet, the public disclosure of the vulnerability increases the risk of exploitation attempts. The absence of available patches or mitigation links suggests that affected organizations must implement immediate compensating controls to reduce risk until an official fix is released.

For European organizations using PHPGurukul Online Course Registration 3.1, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive data related to course registrations, user credentials, and administrative settings. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to personal information of students and staff, manipulation of course data, or disruption of registration services. This could result in reputational damage, regulatory non-compliance (e.g., GDPR violations due to data breaches), and operational downtime. Educational institutions and training providers in Europe relying on this software are particularly vulnerable, as attackers could leverage this flaw to gain persistent access or pivot to other internal systems. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the attack increases the likelihood of exploitation, especially in environments with internet-facing administration interfaces. Given the criticality of educational data and the increasing targeting of educational sectors by cybercriminals, the impact on European organizations could be substantial if not promptly addressed.

1. Immediate isolation or restriction of access to the /admin/level.php endpoint by implementing network-level controls such as IP whitelisting or VPN-only access to administrative interfaces. 2. Employ Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the 'level' parameter. 3. Conduct a thorough code review and implement parameterized queries or prepared statements for all database interactions involving user inputs, especially the 'level' parameter. 4. Monitor application logs for unusual query patterns or repeated failed attempts to exploit SQL injection. 5. If possible, upgrade to a patched version once available or apply vendor-provided patches immediately. 6. Educate administrators on the risks of exposing administrative interfaces publicly and enforce strong authentication and authorization mechanisms. 7. Regularly back up databases and verify backup integrity to enable recovery in case of data corruption or deletion resulting from exploitation.