CVE-2025-4790 is a buffer overflow vulnerability identified in FreeFloat FTP Server version 1.0, specifically within the GLOB Command Handler component. This vulnerability allows an attacker to remotely send specially crafted commands to the FTP server, causing a buffer overflow condition. Buffer overflows occur when data exceeds the allocated buffer size, potentially overwriting adjacent memory and enabling arbitrary code execution or denial of service. The vulnerability requires no authentication or user interaction, and the attack vector is network-based (remote). The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9, indicating a medium severity level, with low impact on confidentiality but limited impact on integrity and availability. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, although no known exploits are currently observed in the wild. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0 of the FreeFloat FTP Server, which is a niche FTP server product. The lack of patches or mitigation links suggests that no official fix has yet been released. Given the nature of FTP servers as network-facing services, exploitation could lead to unauthorized code execution or service disruption, depending on the attacker's payload. The vulnerability's remote and unauthenticated nature increases its risk profile, but the limited impact on confidentiality and integrity reduces the overall criticality. The GLOB Command Handler is responsible for pattern matching in FTP commands, and improper input validation here leads to the overflow. This vulnerability underscores the importance of secure input handling in network services and the risks of legacy or less commonly used FTP server software.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-4790 depends on the extent of FreeFloat FTP Server deployment. Organizations using this FTP server for file transfers, especially in critical infrastructure, manufacturing, or government sectors, could face risks of remote code execution or denial of service, potentially disrupting business operations or exposing sensitive data. The medium severity score reflects moderate risk; however, the lack of authentication and remote exploitability means attackers could target exposed FTP servers directly. If exploited, attackers might gain control over the server, pivot within networks, or disrupt file transfer services. This could affect supply chain operations, data exchange, and internal workflows reliant on FTP. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently limits immediate risk, but public disclosure increases the likelihood of future exploitation attempts. European organizations with legacy systems or less common FTP solutions should prioritize assessment. Given the FTP protocol's declining use in favor of more secure alternatives, the overall impact is somewhat mitigated, but critical sectors still relying on FTP must remain vigilant.

1. Immediate assessment of network environments to identify any FreeFloat FTP Server 1.0 instances, using network scanning and asset inventories. 2. If FreeFloat FTP Server 1.0 is in use, isolate these servers from direct internet exposure and restrict access via firewall rules to trusted IPs only. 3. Implement network-level intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with signatures tuned to detect anomalous GLOB command patterns or buffer overflow attempts targeting FTP services. 4. Consider migrating from FreeFloat FTP Server to more modern, actively maintained FTP or SFTP solutions that receive regular security updates. 5. Monitor security advisories from FreeFloat for patches or updates addressing this vulnerability and apply them promptly once available. 6. Employ application-layer firewalls or FTP proxies that can sanitize or block malformed FTP commands. 7. Conduct regular penetration testing focusing on FTP services to detect exploitation attempts. 8. Educate IT and security teams about this vulnerability and ensure incident response plans include scenarios involving FTP server compromise.