CVE-2025-4792 is a buffer overflow vulnerability identified in FreeFloat FTP Server version 1.0, specifically within the MDELETE command handler component. The vulnerability arises due to improper processing of input data related to the MDELETE FTP command, which allows an attacker to send specially crafted requests that overflow a buffer in the server's memory. This overflow can corrupt adjacent memory, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution, denial of service, or system instability. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without requiring authentication or user interaction, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N). Although the CVSS score is 6.9 (medium severity), the presence of a buffer overflow in a network-facing service is concerning because such flaws often enable attackers to gain control over the affected system. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0 of the FreeFloat FTP Server, and no patches or fixes have been publicly disclosed yet. There are no known exploits in the wild at the time of publication, but the exploit code has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of exploitation. The vulnerability does not require privileges or user interaction, making it easier for attackers to target exposed FTP servers. The lack of scope change (S:U) means the impact is limited to the vulnerable component or system. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability to a limited extent (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L), meaning an attacker could potentially read or modify some data or disrupt service but with limited scope. The absence of security controls (SC:N) further increases the risk.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a moderate risk, especially for those still operating legacy or unpatched FreeFloat FTP Server 1.0 instances. FTP servers are commonly used for file transfers in various industries including manufacturing, logistics, and government sectors. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive files, disruption of file transfer services, or compromise of the underlying server. This could impact business continuity, data confidentiality, and regulatory compliance, particularly under GDPR where data breaches must be reported. Organizations relying on FreeFloat FTP Server for critical file exchange may face operational disruptions and potential data leakage. The medium severity score suggests that while the vulnerability is serious, it may not lead to full system compromise in all cases. However, the ease of remote exploitation without authentication increases the urgency to address this issue. European entities with exposed FTP servers on the internet are at higher risk, especially if network segmentation and monitoring are insufficient. The lack of known active exploits currently provides a window for mitigation before widespread attacks occur.

1. Immediate identification and inventory of all FreeFloat FTP Server 1.0 instances within the organization’s network, including those in development, testing, and production environments. 2. Disable or restrict external access to FTP servers running the vulnerable version, especially blocking the MDELETE command if possible via server configuration or firewall rules. 3. Implement network-level protections such as intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) to monitor and block suspicious FTP traffic patterns indicative of exploitation attempts. 4. Employ network segmentation to isolate FTP servers from critical internal systems to limit potential lateral movement in case of compromise. 5. Monitor logs for unusual FTP command usage or failed connection attempts that could indicate exploitation attempts. 6. Engage with the vendor or community to obtain patches or updates; if none are available, consider migrating to a supported and actively maintained FTP server solution. 7. Apply strict access controls and consider replacing FTP with more secure protocols like SFTP or FTPS where feasible. 8. Conduct regular vulnerability scanning and penetration testing to detect the presence of this and other vulnerabilities. 9. Prepare incident response plans specifically addressing potential exploitation of this vulnerability, including containment and recovery procedures.