CVE-2025-47928 is a critical vulnerability affecting the Spotipy Python library, which is used to interact with the Spotify Web API. The vulnerability arises from the misuse of GitHub Actions workflows, specifically the use of the `pull_request_target` event in the `.github/workflows/integration_tests.yml` file at commit 4f5759dbfb4506c7b6280572a4db1aabc1ac778d. The `pull_request_target` event runs workflows in the context of the base repository, which includes access to repository secrets such as `GITHUB_TOKEN`, `SPOTIPY_CLIENT_ID`, and `SPOTIPY_CLIENT_SECRET`. When combined with checking out the head SHA of a forked pull request, this setup allows an attacker submitting a malicious pull request from a fork to execute arbitrary code with full access to these secrets. This can lead to exfiltration of sensitive tokens, including the `GITHUB_TOKEN` which has write permissions to the repository, enabling an attacker to take over the repository entirely. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-488 (Exposure of Data Element to Wrong Session), highlighting that sensitive data is exposed to an untrusted session. The issue was addressed by reverting the problematic commit (9dfb7177b8d7bb98a5a6014f8e6436812a47576f). The CVSS v3.1 score is 9.1 (critical), reflecting the high impact on confidentiality and integrity without requiring authentication or user interaction. No known exploits are reported in the wild yet, but the risk is significant due to the nature of the vulnerability and the privileges involved.

For European organizations using Spotipy in their development workflows, this vulnerability poses a severe risk. If exploited, attackers could gain unauthorized access to repository secrets, including OAuth client credentials and GitHub tokens, potentially leading to full repository compromise. This could result in unauthorized code changes, insertion of malicious code, data leakage, and disruption of development pipelines. Organizations relying on Spotipy for integration with Spotify APIs or as part of their CI/CD processes may face intellectual property theft, reputational damage, and compliance violations, especially under GDPR due to potential exposure of personal data or credentials. The vulnerability also undermines trust in open-source dependencies and automated workflows, which are widely used in European software development environments. Given the critical severity and ease of exploitation via pull requests from forks, the threat is particularly relevant for public repositories or those with external contributors.

European organizations should immediately audit their use of Spotipy and GitHub Actions workflows to identify if they use the vulnerable commit or similar configurations. Specific mitigations include: 1) Revert to or upgrade Spotipy to a version without the vulnerable commit (post-commit 9dfb7177b8d7bb98a5a6014f8e6436812a47576f). 2) Avoid using `pull_request_target` workflows that check out code from forked repositories, or restrict secrets access in such workflows by using GitHub's `permissions` and `secrets` settings to limit token scopes. 3) Implement strict branch protection rules and require manual review of pull requests from forks before merging. 4) Rotate all potentially exposed secrets (`GITHUB_TOKEN`, `SPOTIPY_CLIENT_ID`, `SPOTIPY_CLIENT_SECRET`) immediately if the vulnerable workflow was used. 5) Monitor repository audit logs for suspicious activity related to token usage or unauthorized commits. 6) Educate developers about the risks of `pull_request_target` and best practices for secure CI/CD pipeline configurations. 7) Consider using GitHub Actions features like `pull_request` event instead of `pull_request_target` for workflows that require untrusted code execution without secrets access.