CVE-2025-4793 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in PHPGurukul Online Course Registration version 3.1, specifically within the /edit-student-profile.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'cgpa' parameter, which is used in SQL queries without adequate protection against malicious input. An attacker can remotely manipulate this parameter to inject arbitrary SQL commands, potentially allowing unauthorized access to or modification of the underlying database. This can lead to data leakage, data corruption, or unauthorized administrative actions depending on the database privileges and the application's architecture. The vulnerability requires no authentication or user interaction, making it easier to exploit. The CVSS 4.0 score is 6.9, categorized as medium severity, reflecting the network attack vector, low complexity, and no privileges or user interaction needed, but with limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no public exploits are currently known in the wild, the vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of exploitation by threat actors. The lack of available patches or mitigations at the time of disclosure further elevates the urgency for affected organizations to implement protective measures.

For European organizations using PHPGurukul Online Course Registration 3.1, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the confidentiality and integrity of student data and institutional records. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of personal information, academic records, and potentially sensitive institutional data, violating GDPR and other data protection regulations. The integrity of student profiles and course registration data could be compromised, leading to administrative disruptions and reputational damage. Additionally, attackers might leverage the vulnerability to escalate privileges or pivot to other internal systems if the database credentials or connections are shared. Educational institutions, training centers, and universities relying on this software could face operational interruptions and legal consequences due to data breaches. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the exploit increases the likelihood of attacks, especially in environments with internet-facing instances of the application.

1. Immediate application of input validation and parameterized queries (prepared statements) in the /edit-student-profile.php file to sanitize the 'cgpa' parameter and prevent SQL injection. 2. If vendor patches are unavailable, implement Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the vulnerable parameter. 3. Conduct thorough code reviews and security testing of the entire application to identify and remediate similar injection flaws. 4. Restrict database user privileges to the minimum necessary, avoiding use of highly privileged accounts for application database connections. 5. Monitor application logs and database access patterns for unusual activity indicative of exploitation attempts. 6. Educate development and IT teams on secure coding practices and the importance of timely patching. 7. Consider isolating or temporarily disabling the vulnerable functionality if immediate remediation is not feasible. 8. Plan for an upgrade or migration to a more secure version or alternative software with maintained security support.