CVE-2025-4794 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in PHPGurukul Online Course Registration version 3.1, specifically affecting the /news.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'newstitle' parameter, which can be manipulated by an attacker to inject malicious SQL code. This injection flaw allows an unauthenticated attacker to remotely execute arbitrary SQL queries on the backend database. The vulnerability does not require any user interaction or privileges, making it remotely exploitable over the network. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9, indicating a medium severity level, with attack vector as network (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), no user interaction (UI:N), and limited impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L). The scope remains unchanged (S:U). Although no public exploits are currently known to be actively used in the wild, the exploit details have been disclosed publicly, increasing the risk of exploitation. The vulnerability could allow attackers to extract sensitive data, modify or delete records, or potentially escalate attacks against the affected system's database. Given the nature of the affected product—a course registration system—this could lead to unauthorized access to student or course data, disruption of registration processes, and reputational damage to educational institutions using this software.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions and training providers using PHPGurukul Online Course Registration 3.1, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of personal data of students and staff, violating GDPR requirements and resulting in legal and financial penalties. Integrity of course registration data could be compromised, leading to administrative disruptions and loss of trust. Availability impacts, while limited, could still disrupt critical registration services during peak enrollment periods. The medium severity rating suggests that while the vulnerability is serious, it may not lead to full system compromise without additional chained exploits. However, the ease of remote exploitation without authentication increases the urgency for mitigation. European organizations must consider the potential for data breaches and service interruptions, which could affect compliance, operational continuity, and stakeholder confidence.

To mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should immediately apply any available patches or updates from PHPGurukul. In the absence of official patches, implement input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements to sanitize the 'newstitle' parameter and other user inputs rigorously. Employ Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) configured to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the /news.php endpoint. Conduct thorough code reviews and security testing focusing on SQL injection vectors within the application. Additionally, monitor database logs and web server logs for suspicious query patterns or anomalous access attempts. Limit database user privileges to the minimum necessary to reduce potential damage from exploitation. Finally, ensure regular backups of the database and application data to enable recovery in case of data tampering or loss.