CVE-2025-48046VulnerabilityPublished 29 May 2025Updated 5 Sep 2025

CVE-2025-48046: MICI Network NetFax Server · Plaintext Storage of a Password

Affects MICI Network NetFax ServerSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 5.3 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 06:26 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

5.3Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.5% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 44% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low
Vulnerable system integrity: None
Vulnerable system availability: None
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker requires privileges that provide basic capabilities that are typically limited to settings and resources owned by a single low-privileged user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 29 May 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2026-10-26.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
MICI Network Co. Ltd. NetFax Server	Affected =0	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations should first restrict access to the NetFax Server's management interface to trusted administrative users and networks, employing network segmentation and strict access controls. Implement strong authentication mechanisms, including multi-factor authentication (MFA), to reduce the risk of credential compromise. Since no patches are currently available, organizations should monitor for updates from MICI Network Co. Ltd. and apply them promptly once released. As an immediate workaround, consider disabling or restricting access to the /config.php endpoint if feasible, or employ web application firewalls (WAFs) to detect and block suspicious HTTP GET requests targeting this endpoint. Regularly audit and rotate SMTP credentials to limit the window of exposure in case of compromise. Additionally, monitor SMTP server logs for unusual activity indicative of unauthorized use. Finally, educate users and administrators about the risks of credential exposure and enforce policies to prevent password reuse across systems.

Description

An authenticated user can disclose the cleartext password of a configured SMTP server via an HTTP GET request to the /config.php endpoint.

Impact

For European organizations using MICI Network Co. Ltd.'s NetFax Server, this vulnerability presents a significant risk to the confidentiality of SMTP credentials. Disclosure of these credentials could enable attackers to send spoofed or phishing emails from legitimate company domains, potentially damaging brand reputation and facilitating further attacks such as business email compromise (BEC). Additionally, unauthorized access to SMTP servers could allow attackers to intercept or manipulate email traffic, impacting sensitive communications. Given the vulnerability requires authentication, the initial barrier is the compromise or legitimate possession of user credentials, which could be obtained through phishing or insider threats. The impact is heightened for organizations relying heavily on NetFax Server for critical fax-to-email workflows, especially in regulated sectors such as finance, healthcare, and government within Europe, where data protection laws like GDPR impose strict requirements on protecting personal data and credentials. Failure to secure these credentials could lead to regulatory penalties and loss of customer trust.

CWE-256Plaintext Storage of a Password (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighOWASP Top 10 A06:2025: Insecure Design (opens in a new tab)
The product stores a password in plaintext within resources such as memory or files.
Architecture and Design
Avoid storing passwords in easily accessible locations.
Architecture and Design
Consider storing cryptographic hashes of passwords as an alternative to storing in plaintext.
A programmer might attempt to remedy the password management problem by obscuring the password with an encoding function, such as base 64 encoding, but this effort does not adequately protect the password because the encoding can be detected and decoded easily.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Forgot Password (opens in a new tab)
Secure Design Principles (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V2.7.5 (opens in a new tab)
V2.8.5 (opens in a new tab)
V2.8.4 (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

rapid7.com/blog/post/2025/05/29/cve-2025-48045-cve-2025-48046-cve-2025-48047-mici-netfax-server-product-vulnerabilities-not-fixed/ (opens in a new tab)

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 5 Sep 2025, 20:14 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-256

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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