CVE-2025-4811 is a critical SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the CodeAstro Pharmacy Management System, specifically within the /index.php file of the Login component. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'Username' parameter, which allows an attacker to inject malicious SQL code remotely without requiring authentication or user interaction. Exploiting this flaw could enable an attacker to manipulate backend database queries, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, data modification, or even complete compromise of the underlying database. The vulnerability has a CVSS 4.0 base score of 6.9, categorized as medium severity, reflecting the ease of remote exploitation without privileges but limited to low impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability individually. However, the combined impact can be significant depending on the database contents and system configuration. No official patches have been released yet, and while no known exploits are currently active in the wild, the public disclosure of the exploit code increases the risk of exploitation by threat actors. Given that this vulnerability affects a pharmacy management system, the potential for exposure of sensitive patient and medication data is a critical concern.

For European organizations, particularly healthcare providers and pharmacies using CodeAstro Pharmacy Management System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to patient data confidentiality and system integrity. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive health information, violating GDPR and other data protection regulations, resulting in legal and financial penalties. Additionally, attackers could alter medication records or inventory data, potentially endangering patient safety and disrupting pharmacy operations. The remote, unauthenticated nature of the attack vector increases the likelihood of exploitation, especially in environments with internet-facing systems. The impact extends beyond data loss to reputational damage and operational downtime, which can be critical in healthcare settings where timely access to accurate data is essential.

Immediate mitigation should focus on implementing input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection in the Login component's Username parameter. Organizations should conduct thorough code reviews and penetration testing to identify and remediate similar injection points. Network-level controls such as web application firewalls (WAFs) can be configured to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the vulnerable endpoint. Restricting external access to the pharmacy management system, especially the login interface, via VPN or IP whitelisting can reduce exposure. Monitoring logs for unusual login attempts or database errors may help detect exploitation attempts early. Since no official patches are currently available, organizations should engage with the vendor for updates and consider temporary compensating controls until a patch is released. Regular backups of critical data and a tested incident response plan are essential to recover from potential compromises.