CVE-2025-48161 is a high-severity SQL Injection vulnerability (CWE-89) affecting the YaySMTP product from YayCommerce, up to version 1.3. The vulnerability arises from improper neutralization of special elements in SQL commands, allowing an attacker with high privileges (PR:H) to inject malicious SQL code remotely (AV:N) without requiring user interaction (UI:N). The vulnerability impacts confidentiality severely (C:H), while integrity is not affected (I:N), and availability impact is low (A:L). The scope is changed (S:C), indicating that exploitation can affect resources beyond the vulnerable component. This vulnerability enables attackers to extract sensitive data from the backend database by manipulating SQL queries, potentially exposing confidential information stored within the system. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the ease of remote exploitation with low attack complexity (AC:L) and no user interaction makes this a significant threat. YaySMTP is an SMTP-related product, likely used for email sending and management, which may integrate with other business systems, increasing the risk of lateral movement or data leakage if exploited.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability can be substantial. Many enterprises rely on SMTP services for critical email communications, including transactional and operational emails. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive customer data, internal communications, or credentials stored in the database, violating GDPR and other data protection regulations. The confidentiality breach could result in regulatory fines, reputational damage, and loss of customer trust. Additionally, attackers might leverage the vulnerability to gain further foothold within the network, potentially escalating attacks. Given the scope change, the vulnerability might affect interconnected systems, amplifying the impact. Organizations in sectors such as finance, healthcare, and government, which handle sensitive data, are particularly at risk. The lack of known exploits currently provides a window for proactive mitigation before widespread attacks emerge.

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations using YaySMTP should immediately verify their product version and apply any available patches or updates from YayCommerce once released. In the absence of official patches, organizations should implement strict input validation and sanitization on all inputs interacting with the database, especially those related to SMTP configurations or commands. Employing parameterized queries or prepared statements can prevent SQL injection attacks effectively. Network segmentation should be enforced to limit access to the SMTP service only to trusted internal systems and users with necessary privileges. Monitoring and logging database queries for anomalous patterns indicative of injection attempts can provide early detection. Additionally, organizations should conduct security assessments and penetration testing focused on SQL injection vectors within their YaySMTP deployment. Finally, ensure that database accounts used by YaySMTP have the least privileges necessary to limit potential damage if exploited.