CVE-2025-4844 is a buffer overflow vulnerability identified in FreeFloat FTP Server version 1.0, specifically within an unspecified functionality of the CD Command Handler component. This vulnerability allows an attacker to remotely trigger a buffer overflow condition by sending crafted commands to the FTP server, potentially leading to memory corruption. The vulnerability does not require authentication or user interaction, and can be exploited over the network (network attack vector). The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9, indicating a medium severity level, with low impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability individually, but combined they are rated as low to medium. The vulnerability is exploitable remotely without privileges or user interaction, increasing its risk profile. However, no known exploits have been reported in the wild as of the published date. The lack of a patch or mitigation guidance from the vendor at this time increases the risk for organizations still running this version of the FreeFloat FTP Server. Buffer overflow vulnerabilities can potentially allow attackers to execute arbitrary code, cause denial of service, or crash the service, depending on the exploit's sophistication and the server's memory protections. The CD Command Handler is likely responsible for processing directory change commands, and improper bounds checking in this component leads to the overflow condition.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability depends on the extent to which FreeFloat FTP Server 1.0 is deployed in their environments. If exploited, attackers could remotely execute arbitrary code or cause denial of service, potentially leading to data breaches, service outages, or lateral movement within networks. FTP servers often handle sensitive file transfers, so compromise could expose confidential data or disrupt business operations. Given the medium CVSS score and lack of known exploits, immediate widespread impact may be limited, but targeted attacks against organizations using this FTP server are plausible. Critical infrastructure, government agencies, and enterprises relying on legacy FTP services are at greater risk. The vulnerability's remote exploitability without authentication makes it attractive for attackers scanning for vulnerable FTP servers across Europe. Additionally, the absence of a patch increases exposure time, raising the likelihood of exploitation attempts. Organizations with compliance requirements around data protection (e.g., GDPR) could face regulatory consequences if breaches occur due to unmitigated vulnerabilities.

1. Immediate mitigation should include disabling or isolating FreeFloat FTP Server 1.0 instances from public networks to prevent remote exploitation. 2. If FTP services are essential, consider replacing FreeFloat FTP Server with a more secure, actively maintained FTP server solution. 3. Implement network-level controls such as firewall rules to restrict access to FTP servers only to trusted IP addresses. 4. Monitor network traffic for unusual FTP commands or anomalous activity targeting the CD Command Handler functionality. 5. Employ intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with signatures or heuristics capable of detecting buffer overflow attempts against FTP services. 6. Regularly audit and inventory FTP server versions to identify vulnerable instances. 7. Once a vendor patch or update becomes available, prioritize immediate deployment. 8. Consider deploying application-layer firewalls or FTP proxies that can sanitize or validate FTP commands to prevent malformed inputs. 9. Educate IT staff about the vulnerability and ensure incident response plans include steps for FTP-related compromises.