CVE-2025-48539 is a remote code execution vulnerability found in the Google Android operating system, specifically affecting versions 15 and 16. The flaw exists in the SendPacketToPeer function within the acl_arbiter.cc component, where a use-after-free condition leads to an out-of-bounds read. This memory corruption vulnerability allows an attacker in close proximity—such as within Bluetooth or similar local wireless range—to execute arbitrary code on the target device without requiring any additional execution privileges or user interaction. The vulnerability arises because the system attempts to access memory that has already been freed, potentially allowing crafted packets to manipulate program flow or corrupt memory structures. Since exploitation does not require user interaction, the attack surface is significantly widened, enabling stealthy compromise of devices simply by being physically near them. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the nature of the vulnerability and the widespread deployment of affected Android versions make it a critical concern. The absence of a CVSS score indicates that the vulnerability is newly disclosed and may not yet have been fully evaluated for severity, but the technical details suggest a high-risk scenario due to remote code execution capabilities and lack of user interaction requirements.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk, especially for enterprises and government entities relying on Android devices for communication and operational tasks. Remote code execution can lead to full device compromise, allowing attackers to access sensitive corporate data, intercept communications, or deploy further malware within the network. The proximity-based nature of the exploit means attackers could potentially target employees in public spaces, offices, or transport hubs without needing network access or user engagement. This could facilitate espionage, data theft, or disruption of services. Additionally, sectors such as finance, healthcare, and critical infrastructure, which often use Android devices for secure communications or operational control, could face severe confidentiality and availability impacts. The vulnerability could also undermine trust in mobile device security, affecting BYOD policies and mobile workforce productivity. Given the lack of known exploits, the window for proactive mitigation is open but urgent.

Organizations should immediately identify and inventory all Android devices running versions 15 and 16 within their environment. Since no official patches are currently linked, it is critical to monitor Google’s security advisories for updates or security patches addressing CVE-2025-48539. In the interim, organizations should enforce strict Bluetooth usage policies, disabling Bluetooth on devices when not in use and restricting device discoverability to minimize exposure. Network segmentation and endpoint detection solutions should be enhanced to monitor for anomalous Bluetooth activity or unauthorized device connections. Mobile device management (MDM) solutions can be leveraged to enforce security configurations and push updates rapidly once patches become available. User awareness campaigns should emphasize the risks of proximity-based attacks and encourage reporting of unusual device behavior. For high-risk environments, consider temporary use of alternative communication methods or devices until the vulnerability is remediated.