CVE-2025-48593 is a remote code execution vulnerability identified in the Bluetooth Hands-Free Profile (HFP) client component of Google Android, specifically within the function bta_hf_client_cb_init in the source file bta_hf_client_main.cc. The root cause is a use-after-free condition (CWE-416), where the program accesses memory after it has been freed, leading to undefined behavior that attackers can exploit to execute arbitrary code remotely. The vulnerability affects Android versions 13, 14, 15, and 16. Notably, exploitation does not require user interaction or elevated privileges beyond limited access, which significantly lowers the barrier for attackers. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 8.0, reflecting high severity with attack vector as adjacent network (Bluetooth), low attack complexity, low privileges required, no user interaction, and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no public exploits have been reported yet, the vulnerability's nature and ease of exploitation make it a critical threat. The Bluetooth HFP client is commonly used for hands-free communication in vehicles and headsets, meaning the attack surface includes mobile devices connected to Bluetooth peripherals. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to run arbitrary code, potentially taking full control of the device, stealing sensitive data, or disrupting device functionality.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk due to the widespread use of Android devices in both consumer and enterprise environments. The ability to execute code remotely without user interaction or elevated privileges means attackers could compromise devices silently, leading to data breaches, espionage, or disruption of business operations. Sectors such as telecommunications, automotive (connected vehicles), healthcare, and finance, which rely heavily on mobile communications and Bluetooth peripherals, are particularly vulnerable. The impact extends to the confidentiality of sensitive information, integrity of device operations, and availability of critical mobile services. Given the high Android market share in Europe, a large number of devices are exposed, increasing the potential scale of attacks. Additionally, compromised devices could serve as entry points for lateral movement within corporate networks, amplifying the threat.

Organizations should prioritize the deployment of security patches from Google as soon as they become available for affected Android versions (13-16). Until patches are released, it is advisable to limit Bluetooth usage, especially in sensitive environments, by disabling Bluetooth when not in use and restricting pairing to trusted devices only. Network segmentation and monitoring for anomalous Bluetooth activity can help detect potential exploitation attempts. Mobile device management (MDM) solutions should enforce policies that restrict Bluetooth connectivity and ensure devices are updated promptly. Educating users about the risks of connecting to unknown Bluetooth devices can reduce exposure. For organizations with connected vehicle or IoT integrations, additional security controls should be implemented to monitor and isolate Bluetooth communications. Finally, incident response plans should be updated to include detection and remediation steps for Bluetooth-related exploits.