CVE-2025-4865 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the itsourcecode Restaurant Management System. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization of the 'last' parameter in the /admin/member_save.php script, which allows an attacker to inject malicious SQL code. This injection flaw can be exploited remotely without requiring any authentication or user interaction, making it highly accessible to attackers. The vulnerability potentially affects other parameters as well, indicating a broader issue with input validation in the application. SQL Injection vulnerabilities enable attackers to manipulate backend database queries, which can lead to unauthorized data access, data modification, or even complete compromise of the database server. Given the nature of restaurant management systems, which typically handle sensitive customer data, employee records, and transaction information, exploitation could result in significant data breaches and operational disruptions. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9, categorized as medium severity, reflecting the ease of exploitation (network vector, no privileges or user interaction required) but with limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (low to medium impact). No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, but public disclosure increases the risk of exploitation attempts.

For European organizations using the itsourcecode Restaurant Management System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized access to sensitive data such as customer personal information, payment details, and internal employee data. Exploitation could lead to data breaches that violate GDPR regulations, resulting in legal penalties and reputational damage. Additionally, attackers could manipulate or delete critical business data, disrupting restaurant operations and causing financial losses. Since the vulnerability can be exploited remotely without authentication, attackers could launch automated attacks at scale, increasing the risk for organizations with internet-facing management interfaces. The medium severity rating suggests that while the vulnerability is serious, it may not lead to full system compromise or widespread availability impact unless chained with other vulnerabilities. However, the potential for data leakage and operational disruption remains significant, especially for businesses heavily reliant on this software for daily operations.

To mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should immediately review and sanitize all user inputs, particularly the 'last' parameter in /admin/member_save.php and other potentially affected parameters. Applying input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements is critical to prevent SQL Injection. Since no official patch is currently available, organizations should consider the following practical steps: 1) Restrict access to the administration interface to trusted IP addresses or VPNs to reduce exposure. 2) Implement Web Application Firewalls (WAF) with SQL Injection detection and prevention rules tailored to the application’s traffic patterns. 3) Conduct thorough code reviews and security testing on the application to identify and remediate other injection points. 4) Monitor database logs and application logs for suspicious query patterns indicative of injection attempts. 5) Plan for an upgrade or replacement of the vulnerable software version once a vendor patch or update is released. 6) Educate staff on recognizing signs of compromise and establish incident response procedures specific to web application attacks.