CVE-2025-4890 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the code-projects Tourism Management System, specifically within the LoginUser function of the Login User component. The vulnerability arises from improper handling of the username and password input parameters, which allows an attacker to overflow the stack buffer by manipulating these arguments. This type of vulnerability can lead to arbitrary code execution, memory corruption, or application crashes. However, exploitation requires local access with at least low-level privileges (PR:L) and does not require user interaction (UI:N). The CVSS 4.0 base score is 4.8, indicating a medium severity level. The attack vector is local (AV:L), meaning that an attacker must have some form of access to the system to exploit the vulnerability. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability to a limited extent (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L), and the attack complexity is low (AC:L). No public exploits are currently known in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability does not require authentication (AT:N) but does require local privileges, which limits the attack surface primarily to insiders or users with some system access. The Tourism Management System is likely used by organizations managing travel, bookings, and related services, where login functionality is critical for user authentication and access control.

For European organizations using the affected Tourism Management System version 1.0, this vulnerability poses a moderate risk. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker with local access to execute arbitrary code or cause denial of service, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive customer data or disruption of tourism management operations. Given the local attack vector, the threat is more relevant to organizations with multiple users having system access or where endpoint security is weak. Confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system could be compromised, affecting customer trust and operational continuity. In the tourism sector, disruptions could impact booking systems, customer management, and financial transactions, leading to reputational damage and regulatory scrutiny under GDPR if personal data is exposed or mishandled.

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations should first identify if they are running version 1.0 of the code-projects Tourism Management System. Immediate steps include restricting local access to trusted users only and implementing strict access controls and monitoring on systems hosting the application. Employ application whitelisting and endpoint protection solutions to detect and prevent exploitation attempts. Since no official patch is currently available, organizations should consider isolating the affected system from critical networks and sensitive data stores. Additionally, conduct regular audits of user privileges and system logs to detect anomalous activities. If possible, engage with the vendor or community for updates or patches and plan for an upgrade to a fixed version once available. Employing runtime application self-protection (RASP) or memory protection techniques could also reduce exploitation risk. Finally, educate local users about the risks of executing untrusted code or commands on the system.