CVE-2025-4898 is a path traversal vulnerability identified in SourceCodester Student Result Management System version 1.0, specifically within the update_system.php file's Logo File Handler component. The vulnerability arises from improper validation of the 'old_logo' parameter passed to the unlink function, which is used to delete files. By manipulating this parameter, an attacker can traverse directories on the server's filesystem and delete arbitrary files outside the intended directory scope. This flaw can be exploited remotely without requiring user interaction or authentication, making it accessible to unauthenticated attackers over the network. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, although no known exploits are currently observed in the wild. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3 (medium severity), reflecting the moderate impact and ease of exploitation. The attack vector is network-based with low attack complexity and no privileges or user interaction needed. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability to a limited extent, primarily through unauthorized file deletion which could disrupt system operations or lead to denial of service. Since the affected product is a Student Result Management System, exploitation could compromise the availability of academic records or system stability, potentially affecting educational institutions relying on this software for managing student data.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions such as universities, colleges, and schools using the SourceCodester Student Result Management System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a risk to the integrity and availability of student academic records. Successful exploitation could lead to deletion of critical files, causing service disruption, loss of data, or system downtime. This could impact administrative operations, delay academic processes, and potentially lead to reputational damage. While the vulnerability does not directly expose confidential data, the loss or corruption of result data could indirectly affect confidentiality if recovery mechanisms are inadequate. Additionally, disruption of educational services may have regulatory implications under GDPR if personal data processing is interrupted or compromised. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the exploit increases the risk of opportunistic attacks, especially in environments with limited network segmentation or insufficient monitoring.

Organizations should immediately assess whether they are running SourceCodester Student Result Management System version 1.0 and prioritize patching or upgrading to a fixed version once available. In the absence of an official patch, administrators should implement strict input validation and sanitization on the 'old_logo' parameter to prevent directory traversal sequences (e.g., '../'). Employing web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block path traversal attempts targeting the update_system.php endpoint can provide interim protection. Restricting file system permissions for the web server process to limit the scope of deletable files can reduce potential damage. Regular backups of critical data and configuration files should be maintained to enable rapid recovery from file deletion attacks. Network segmentation and limiting external access to the management system can further reduce exposure. Continuous monitoring and logging of file deletion operations and unusual access patterns are recommended to detect exploitation attempts early.