CVE-2025-48984 is a vulnerability identified in Veeam Backup and Replication version 12.3.2 that enables remote code execution (RCE) on the Backup Server. The vulnerability requires the attacker to be an authenticated domain user, meaning that the attacker must already have valid credentials within the organization's domain environment. Once exploited, the attacker can execute arbitrary code on the Backup Server, which is a critical component responsible for managing backup and replication tasks. This could allow the attacker to manipulate backup data, disrupt backup operations, or use the compromised server as a foothold for further lateral movement within the network. The vulnerability was reserved in May 2025 and published in October 2025, with no CVSS score assigned yet and no known exploits in the wild. The lack of a CVSS score suggests that the vulnerability is newly disclosed and may not yet be widely exploited, but the potential impact is significant given the privileged nature of backup infrastructure. The vulnerability affects version 12.3.2 of Veeam Backup and Replication, a widely used enterprise backup solution. The absence of patch links indicates that a fix may not yet be publicly available, emphasizing the need for vigilance and interim protective measures. Because backup servers often have elevated privileges and access to sensitive data, exploitation could lead to severe confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts. The attack vector requires authentication, which limits exploitation to insiders or attackers who have compromised credentials, but the potential damage justifies urgent attention.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-48984 could be severe. Veeam Backup and Replication is widely used across various sectors including finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure in Europe. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to backup data, manipulation or deletion of backups, and disruption of disaster recovery capabilities. This could result in data loss, prolonged downtime, and regulatory non-compliance, especially under GDPR requirements for data integrity and availability. The ability to execute code remotely on a backup server also increases the risk of lateral movement within enterprise networks, potentially enabling broader compromise. Organizations with large domain environments and complex backup infrastructures are particularly at risk, as the attacker needs authenticated domain credentials. The absence of known exploits currently reduces immediate risk, but the vulnerability represents a significant threat if exploited by insiders or attackers who have obtained credentials through phishing or other means. The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability of critical backup data makes this a high-risk vulnerability for European enterprises.

1. Restrict domain user privileges strictly to the minimum necessary, especially limiting access to backup servers and administrative interfaces. 2. Implement strong multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all domain accounts to reduce the risk of credential compromise. 3. Monitor backup server logs and network traffic for unusual activity indicative of exploitation attempts or lateral movement. 4. Segment backup infrastructure networks to isolate backup servers from general user environments, reducing exposure. 5. Prepare for rapid deployment of patches or updates from Veeam once available; subscribe to vendor advisories for timely information. 6. Conduct regular audits of domain user accounts and remove or disable inactive or unnecessary accounts. 7. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions on backup servers to detect anomalous processes or code execution. 8. Educate users on phishing and credential security to prevent initial compromise of domain credentials. 9. Consider implementing application whitelisting on backup servers to restrict execution of unauthorized code. 10. Develop and test incident response plans specifically addressing backup infrastructure compromise scenarios.