CVE-2025-4906 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the PHPGurukul Notice Board System, specifically within an unspecified function in the /login.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'Username' parameter, allowing an attacker to inject malicious SQL code. This injection can be performed remotely without any authentication or user interaction, making exploitation straightforward. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of exploitation, although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9, indicating a medium severity level. The vector metrics indicate that the attack requires no privileges, no user interaction, and can be executed over a network with low attack complexity. The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is limited but present, as the vulnerability allows partial compromise of the database through injection, potentially leading to unauthorized data access or modification. The scope remains unchanged, meaning the vulnerability affects only the vulnerable component without impacting other components. The lack of a patch link suggests that no official fix is currently available, increasing the urgency for mitigation.

For European organizations using PHPGurukul Notice Board System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a tangible risk of unauthorized access to sensitive information stored in the backend database. Given that the Notice Board System is typically used for internal communications, announcements, and potentially sensitive organizational data, exploitation could lead to data leakage, unauthorized data manipulation, or disruption of communication channels. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the attack increases the likelihood of exploitation by external threat actors. This could result in reputational damage, regulatory non-compliance (especially under GDPR if personal data is exposed), and operational disruptions. Organizations relying on this software for critical internal communications may face increased risk of targeted attacks or lateral movement within their networks if attackers leverage this vulnerability as an entry point.

Since no official patch is currently available, European organizations should implement immediate compensating controls. First, restrict external access to the Notice Board System by placing it behind a VPN or firewall rules limiting access to trusted IP addresses. Second, implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules specifically designed to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the 'Username' parameter in /login.php. Third, conduct a thorough code review and apply manual input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements to sanitize inputs if source code access is available. Fourth, monitor logs for suspicious login attempts or unusual database errors indicative of injection attempts. Finally, plan for an upgrade or migration to a patched or alternative solution once available, and maintain regular backups of the system and database to enable recovery in case of compromise.